CAJ | 학술논문

“水危机”的本质是制度危机。针对“多龙治水”弊端要加强部门整合和统筹，针对“条块分割”弊端要加强“条”的功能和“块”的责任，针对“单打一”决策弊端要加强科学的综合决策，针对“运动员”与“裁判员”合一弊端要建立第三方检测体制。水资源配置和水环境保护往往面临政府失灵、市场失灵和社会失灵，因此，必须加强政府机制创新、市场机制创新和社会机制创新，同时加强三大机制的相互制衡机制的构建。“五水共治”需要制度体系的保障。制度体系包括管制性制度、经济性制度和社会性制度。不同制度之间可能存在替代性关系，也可能存在互补性关系。替代性制度要进行优化选择，互补性制度要进行组合强化。“五水共治”的制度创新不仅要加强制度体系的建设，而且要重视实施机制的建设。只有实施机制建设并落实到位，才能发挥制度绩效。因此，必须加强水污染举报机制、水环境监测机制、水生态评价机制、治水绩效考核机制、治水工作奖惩机制等实施机制的建设，并将这些机制逐一付诸实施。
“수위궤”적본질시제도위궤。침대“다룡치수”폐단요가강부문정합화통주，침대“조괴분할”폐단요가강“조”적공능화“괴”적책임，침대“단타일”결책폐단요가강과학적종합결책，침대“운동원”여“재판원”합일폐단요건립제삼방검측체제。수자원배치화수배경보호왕왕면림정부실령、시장실령화사회실령，인차，필수가강정부궤제창신、시장궤제창신화사회궤제창신，동시가강삼대궤제적상호제형궤제적구건。“오수공치”수요제도체계적보장。제도체계포괄관제성제도、경제성제도화사회성제도。불동제도지간가능존재체대성관계，야가능존재호보성관계。체대성제도요진행우화선택，호보성제도요진행조합강화。“오수공치”적제도창신불부요가강제도체계적건설，이차요중시실시궤제적건설。지유실시궤제건설병락실도위，재능발휘제도적효。인차，필수가강수오염거보궤제、수배경감측궤제、수생태평개궤제、치수적효고핵궤제、치수공작장징궤제등실시궤제적건설，병장저사궤제축일부제실시。
The essence of “Water crisis ” is institutional crisis.“Five water co governance ” have to strengthen the system,mechanism and institution innovation.In view of the disadvantages of “fragmentation”, we must strengthen the function of the “article ” and “blocks ” responsibility.To concentrate on the disadvantages of having “a one-track mind”,we have to strengthen scientific and comprehensive decision.Ac-cording to the drawbacks of “athlete”and “judge”,it’s important for us to establish the third party inspection system.Allocation of water resources and water environment protection are often confronted with government, market and society failure.Therefore,we must strengthen the innovation on government mechanism,market mechanism and social mechanism."Five water co governance”needs system security including the regulatory system,economic system and social system.There may be alternative relations between different systems and they may also exist complementary relationship.System innovation of “five water co governance" not only strengthen the construction of system,but also pay attention to the construction of the mechanism of implemen-tation.Therefore,we must construct the water pollution reporting mechanism,water environment monitoring mechanism,water ecological assessment mechanism,Water conservancy performance evaluation mechanism, harnessing of rewards and punishment mechanism.