气象
氣象
기상
METEOROLOGICAL MONTHLY
2015年
1期
68-75
,共8页
直接辐射表%日照计%日照时数%差异分析
直接輻射錶%日照計%日照時數%差異分析
직접복사표%일조계%일조시수%차이분석
pyrheliometer%sunshine recorder%sunshine duration%difference evaluation
随着自动化气象资料业务的发展,直接辐射表自动跟踪太阳位置观测日照时数逐渐在业务中使用,那么直接辐射表与传统日照计观测资料的差异如何,需要对两种资料定量评估。文章选取我国15个气象辐射一级站的直接辐射表与日照计平行观测日照时数资料,探讨了两种观测日照时数在不同区域、不同季节、不同时间尺度和不同天气条件下的差异分布特征,结果表明:(1)直接辐射表比日照计观测记录平均偏低0.51 h·d-1(8.30%),两种资料差异具有明显的季节变化规律和区域变异,在夏季和春季较大,冬季最小,在西北及海南地区较大,东北、黄淮地区及四川盆地最小;(2)日出时段直接辐射表较日照计观测记录低0~0.3 h·h-1,日落时段直接辐射表较日照计观测记录高0~0.3 h·h-1,其他时段直接辐射表与日照计观测差值在±0.2 h·h-1;(3)受观测仪器和天气条件影响,在晴空、多云和阴天条件下,直接辐射表较日照计观测记录分别平均偏低0.17 h·d-1(1.88%)、0.64 h·d-1(9.08%)和0.62 h·d-1(26.73%);(4)两种观测日照时数的相关系数在0.88以上。
隨著自動化氣象資料業務的髮展,直接輻射錶自動跟蹤太暘位置觀測日照時數逐漸在業務中使用,那麽直接輻射錶與傳統日照計觀測資料的差異如何,需要對兩種資料定量評估。文章選取我國15箇氣象輻射一級站的直接輻射錶與日照計平行觀測日照時數資料,探討瞭兩種觀測日照時數在不同區域、不同季節、不同時間呎度和不同天氣條件下的差異分佈特徵,結果錶明:(1)直接輻射錶比日照計觀測記錄平均偏低0.51 h·d-1(8.30%),兩種資料差異具有明顯的季節變化規律和區域變異,在夏季和春季較大,鼕季最小,在西北及海南地區較大,東北、黃淮地區及四川盆地最小;(2)日齣時段直接輻射錶較日照計觀測記錄低0~0.3 h·h-1,日落時段直接輻射錶較日照計觀測記錄高0~0.3 h·h-1,其他時段直接輻射錶與日照計觀測差值在±0.2 h·h-1;(3)受觀測儀器和天氣條件影響,在晴空、多雲和陰天條件下,直接輻射錶較日照計觀測記錄分彆平均偏低0.17 h·d-1(1.88%)、0.64 h·d-1(9.08%)和0.62 h·d-1(26.73%);(4)兩種觀測日照時數的相關繫數在0.88以上。
수착자동화기상자료업무적발전,직접복사표자동근종태양위치관측일조시수축점재업무중사용,나요직접복사표여전통일조계관측자료적차이여하,수요대량충자료정량평고。문장선취아국15개기상복사일급참적직접복사표여일조계평행관측일조시수자료,탐토료량충관측일조시수재불동구역、불동계절、불동시간척도화불동천기조건하적차이분포특정,결과표명:(1)직접복사표비일조계관측기록평균편저0.51 h·d-1(8.30%),량충자료차이구유명현적계절변화규률화구역변이,재하계화춘계교대,동계최소,재서북급해남지구교대,동북、황회지구급사천분지최소;(2)일출시단직접복사표교일조계관측기록저0~0.3 h·h-1,일락시단직접복사표교일조계관측기록고0~0.3 h·h-1,기타시단직접복사표여일조계관측차치재±0.2 h·h-1;(3)수관측의기화천기조건영향,재청공、다운화음천조건하,직접복사표교일조계관측기록분별평균편저0.17 h·d-1(1.88%)、0.64 h·d-1(9.08%)화0.62 h·d-1(26.73%);(4)량충관측일조시수적상관계수재0.88이상。
With the development of automation of meteorological data,pyrheliometer which can automati-cally track solar position to observe sunshine duration has been gradually used in meteorological opera-tions.It is necessary to quantitatively evaluate the difference between pyrheliometer and sunshine recorder observations.This paper discusses the differences between pyrheliometer and sunshine recorder observa-tions over different regions,seasons and time scales.The results are as follows:(1 )The sunshine dura-tion observed by pyrheliometer is 0.51 h·d-1 (8.30%)less than that by sunshine recorder.The difference has obvious seasonal and regional variations,which are larger in summer and spring,but the minimum in winter,and also larger in Northwest and Hainan,but the least in Northeast,Huang-Huai and Sichuan Ba-sin.(2)Pyrheliometer observation is about 0-0.3 h·h-1 less than sunshine recorder observation at sun-rise,and 0-0.3 h·h-1 larger than sunshine recorder observation at sunset while the difference is between ±0.2 h·h-1 in other hours.(3)Affected by observing instruments and weather conditions,the differ-ence between two kinds of sunshine durations are -0.17 h·d-1 (-1.88%)under clear sky conditions,-0.64 h·d-1 (-9.08%)under cloudy conditions,and -0.62 h·d-1 (-26.73%)under overcast condi-tions.(4)The correlation coefficient between the two kinds of sunshine durations is above 0.88.