CAJ | 학술논문

采用FluorCam便携式叶绿素荧光成像仪测定鄱阳湖南矶山国家级自然保护区白沙湖和常湖冬季沉水植物的光合荧光特性，包括QY-max（即Fv/Fm，PSⅡ的最大光量子产量）、ΦPSⅡ（PSⅡ实际量子效率）、qP（光化学淬灭系数）等参数及其相应的荧光成像；应用频度法统计估测沉水植物的频度，并测定水环境的营养水平。结果表明：白沙湖优势沉水植物黑藻（Hydrilla verticillata）和苦草（Vallisneria natans）的PSⅡ的最大量子产量分别为0.48-0.68和0.52-0.71，PSⅡ实际量子效率分别为0.32-0.58和0.20-0.46，表明白沙湖的黑藻和苦草具有相似的光合作用效率；而常湖优势沉水植物莕菜（Nymphoides peltatum）和苦草的PSⅡ最大光量子产量分别为0.66-0.77和0.19-0.68，PSⅡ实际量子效率分别为0.26-0.48和0.22-0.43，表明莕菜有较高的光合作用效率，容易形成优势物种。调查中发现，白沙湖黑藻的频度为90%，苦草为93.3%，小茨藻（Najas minor）为26.7%，眼子菜（Potamogeton franchetii）为10%；常湖中莕菜的频度为86.7%，苦草为16.7%，小茨藻为56.7%。白沙湖中沉水植物的频度值总体高于常湖，优势物种也存在差异性。综合分析白沙湖和常湖水体的营养水平、沉水植物多样性和光合荧光特性，结果表明：白沙湖的富营养化水平高于常湖，黑藻和苦草同为沉水植物中的优势种，光合活性相似；常湖中莕菜和苦草为优势种，但莕菜的光合活性显著高于苦草，这与湖泊水体透明度和南矶山湿地不同水体的富营养化差异及不同沉水植物的生态位有着密不可分的关系。
채용FluorCam편휴식협록소형광성상의측정파양호남기산국가급자연보호구백사호화상호동계침수식물적광합형광특성，포괄QY-max（즉Fv/Fm，PSⅡ적최대광양자산량）、ΦPSⅡ（PSⅡ실제양자효솔）、qP（광화학쉬멸계수）등삼수급기상응적형광성상；응용빈도법통계고측침수식물적빈도，병측정수배경적영양수평。결과표명：백사호우세침수식물흑조（Hydrilla verticillata）화고초（Vallisneria natans）적PSⅡ적최대양자산량분별위0.48-0.68화0.52-0.71，PSⅡ실제양자효솔분별위0.32-0.58화0.20-0.46，표명백사호적흑조화고초구유상사적광합작용효솔；이상호우세침수식물행채（Nymphoides peltatum）화고초적PSⅡ최대광양자산량분별위0.66-0.77화0.19-0.68，PSⅡ실제양자효솔분별위0.26-0.48화0.22-0.43，표명행채유교고적광합작용효솔，용역형성우세물충。조사중발현，백사호흑조적빈도위90%，고초위93.3%，소자조（Najas minor）위26.7%，안자채（Potamogeton franchetii）위10%；상호중행채적빈도위86.7%，고초위16.7%，소자조위56.7%。백사호중침수식물적빈도치총체고우상호，우세물충야존재차이성。종합분석백사호화상호수체적영양수평、침수식물다양성화광합형광특성，결과표명：백사호적부영양화수평고우상호，흑조화고초동위침수식물중적우세충，광합활성상사；상호중행채화고초위우세충，단행채적광합활성현저고우고초，저여호박수체투명도화남기산습지불동수체적부영양화차이급불동침수식물적생태위유착밀불가분적관계。
We used a FluorCam portable chlorophyll fluorescence imaging system to measure QY-max (the maximum light quantum yield, Fv/Fm, the largest light quantum efficiency of PS II) of submerged plants in wetlands of Baisha Lake and Changhu Lake, Jiangxi Nanjishan Wetland National Nature Reserve, in winter 2013. Specifically, we measuredΦPS II (PS II actual quantum efficiency), qP (photochemical quenching) and corresponding fluorescence images. Using the visual method and sampling sites method to obtain coverage, richness and abundance of submerged plants, and determined nutrient levels in water. The results show that the QY-max ofHydrilla verticillata andVallisneria natans in Baisha Lake ranged from 0.48 to 0.68 and 0.52 to 0.71, respectively; theΦPS II of these two species ranged from 0.32 to 0.58 and 0.20 to 0.46, respectively. The two plants had similar photosynthetic efifciency. The QY-max ofNymphoides peltatum andV. natans in Changhu Lake ranged from 0.66 to 0.77 and 0.19 to 0.68, respectively; theΦPS II of these two species ranged from 0.26 to 0.48 and 0.22 to 0.43, respectively. The observed higher photosynthetic efifciency ofN peltatum suggests it is more likely to become the dominant species. In Baisha Lake, the frequency of occurrence of plants was:H. verticilata, 90%;V. natans, 93.3%;Najas minor26.7%, andPotamogeton francheti10%. In Changhu Lake, the frequency ofN. pel-tatum was 86.7%,V. natans was 16.7%, andN. minor was 56.7%. The overal frequency of submerged plants living in Baisha Lake was much higher than that of submerged plants living in Changhu Lake, with different species dominating the two lakes. According to comprehensive analysis and comparison of trophic levels, biodiversity and photosynthetic fluorescence characteristics in the two lakes, eutrophication of Baisha Lake was higher than for Changhu Lake; andH. verticillata andV. natans were the dominant species, with similar photosynthetic activity. Conversely, in Changhu Lake,N. peltatum andV. natans were the dominant species, but the photosynthetic activity ofN. peltatum was higher thanV. natans. Differences in eutrophication levels in different water bodies in the Nanjishan Wetland and differing ecological niches of submerged plant species are characteristic of this system.