作物学报
作物學報
작물학보
ACTA AGRONOMICA SINICA
2015年
2期
276-285
,共10页
姜延涛%许韬%段霞瑜%周益林
薑延濤%許韜%段霞瑜%週益林
강연도%허도%단하유%주익림
小麦白粉病%品种混种%病害流行曲线下面积%产量%蛋白质含量
小麥白粉病%品種混種%病害流行麯線下麵積%產量%蛋白質含量
소맥백분병%품충혼충%병해류행곡선하면적%산량%단백질함량
Wheat powdery mildew%Variety mixture%AUDPC%Yield%Protein contents
研究品种混种对控制小麦白粉病的效果以及对产量及蛋白质含量的影响，可为利用品种多样性持续控制白粉病提供理论依据及技术支持。2011—2012和2012—2013年度选用抗病性不同、遗传背景有较大差异的8个小麦生产品种，按每个组合3~8个品种进行田间混种，人工接种白粉菌混合菌株，比较品种混种对小麦白粉病的病害流行曲线下面积以及小麦产量、粗蛋白含量和千粒重的影响。结果表明，混种组分品种的数量对防效有影响，其中以4个品种混种的防病效果最好，但当品种数达到7个及以上时，混种也显示出较好的控病效果。2011—2012年度混种组合中有防效的占42.4%，相对防效为1.2%~26.8%，约50%的混种组合表现增产，增产幅度为0.2%~14.6%；2012—2013年度有防治效果的组合占75.0%，相对防效1.8%~45.4%，约71%的混种组合表现增产，增产范围为0.9%~16.6%。供试品种中周麦18总体表现最好，并且与其他品种混种后对控制小麦白粉病、增加产量和粗蛋白含量均有正向效应。不同混种组分品种间存在互作，其互作对病害控制及产量均有影响。
研究品種混種對控製小麥白粉病的效果以及對產量及蛋白質含量的影響，可為利用品種多樣性持續控製白粉病提供理論依據及技術支持。2011—2012和2012—2013年度選用抗病性不同、遺傳揹景有較大差異的8箇小麥生產品種，按每箇組閤3~8箇品種進行田間混種，人工接種白粉菌混閤菌株，比較品種混種對小麥白粉病的病害流行麯線下麵積以及小麥產量、粗蛋白含量和韆粒重的影響。結果錶明，混種組分品種的數量對防效有影響，其中以4箇品種混種的防病效果最好，但噹品種數達到7箇及以上時，混種也顯示齣較好的控病效果。2011—2012年度混種組閤中有防效的佔42.4%，相對防效為1.2%~26.8%，約50%的混種組閤錶現增產，增產幅度為0.2%~14.6%；2012—2013年度有防治效果的組閤佔75.0%，相對防效1.8%~45.4%，約71%的混種組閤錶現增產，增產範圍為0.9%~16.6%。供試品種中週麥18總體錶現最好，併且與其他品種混種後對控製小麥白粉病、增加產量和粗蛋白含量均有正嚮效應。不同混種組分品種間存在互作，其互作對病害控製及產量均有影響。
연구품충혼충대공제소맥백분병적효과이급대산량급단백질함량적영향，가위이용품충다양성지속공제백분병제공이론의거급기술지지。2011—2012화2012—2013년도선용항병성불동、유전배경유교대차이적8개소맥생산품충，안매개조합3~8개품충진행전간혼충，인공접충백분균혼합균주，비교품충혼충대소맥백분병적병해류행곡선하면적이급소맥산량、조단백함량화천립중적영향。결과표명，혼충조분품충적수량대방효유영향，기중이4개품충혼충적방병효과최호，단당품충수체도7개급이상시，혼충야현시출교호적공병효과。2011—2012년도혼충조합중유방효적점42.4%，상대방효위1.2%~26.8%，약50%적혼충조합표현증산，증산폭도위0.2%~14.6%；2012—2013년도유방치효과적조합점75.0%，상대방효1.8%~45.4%，약71%적혼충조합표현증산，증산범위위0.9%~16.6%。공시품충중주맥18총체표현최호，병차여기타품충혼충후대공제소맥백분병、증가산량화조단백함량균유정향효응。불동혼충조분품충간존재호작，기호작대병해공제급산량균유영향。
The knowledge of variety mixture planting in the field on the effects of powdery mildew disease and wheat yield and quality will facilitate the utilization of variety diversity to control wheat diseases. In the 2011–2012 and 2012–2013 growing sea-sons, we selected eight commercial wheat varieties with large differences in genetic background and disease resistance to test the feasible pattern of variety mixture in the field. In each mixture pattern containing one (control), three, four, five, six, seven, and eight varieties, wheat plants were exposed to mixed powdery mildew isolates. The area under disease progress curve, plot yield, thousand-grain weight and crude protein content in grain were measured. For disease control, four-variety mixture pattern had the best efficacy. However, the mixture patterns with seven or more varieties exhibited also good efficacy. In the 2011–2012 growing season, 42.4% of the mixture patterns were effective with relative efficacy ranging from 1.2% to 26.8%. Meanwhile, 50.0% of the mixture patterns had the effect of yield increase (0.2%–14.6%) compared with the control. In the 2012–2013 growing season, 75.0% of the mixture patterns were effective with the efficacy ranging from 1.8% to 45.4% and 71.4% of the mixture patterns resulted in increased yield (0.9%–16.6%). Zhoumai 18 was the best component in mixtures having good control against powdery mildew and positive effects on grain yield and protein content. Interactions among the mixture components were also observed, and such interaction had impacts on powdery mildew controlling and wheat yield.
