作物学报
作物學報
작물학보
ACTA AGRONOMICA SINICA
2015年
2期
329-338
,共10页
任佰朝%朱玉玲%李霞%范霞%董树亭%赵斌%刘鹏%张吉旺
任佰朝%硃玉玲%李霞%範霞%董樹亭%趙斌%劉鵬%張吉旺
임백조%주옥령%리하%범하%동수정%조빈%류붕%장길왕
夏玉米%大田淹水%光合特性%产量
夏玉米%大田淹水%光閤特性%產量
하옥미%대전엄수%광합특성%산량
Summer maize%Waterlogging in the field%Photosynthetic characteristics%Grain yield
选用登海605和郑单958为试验材料，在大田条件下设置淹水时期(三叶期、拔节期、花后10 d)和淹水持续时间(淹水3 d 和6 d)处理研究淹水对夏玉米光合特性的影响。结果表明，淹水胁迫后叶面积指数和叶绿素含量显著下降，净光合速率(Pn)、气孔导度(Gs)、细胞间隙 CO2浓度(Ci)显著降低，三叶期淹水6 d 对其影响最显著，开花期郑单958和登海605功能叶片的 Pn、Gs、Ci 较对照的分别下降21.24%、33.65%、16.49%和24.50%、32.31%、10.99%。淹水后叶片的 Fv/Fm、Fm/Fo、ΦPSII 显著下降，三叶期淹水6 d 后影响最显著，登海605和郑单958分别下降16.86%、17.12%、11.67%和13.58%、21.40%、22.52%，这是导致夏玉米产量显著下降的主要光合生理机制，三叶期淹水6 d产量降幅最大，登海605和郑单958较对照分别下降41.51%和40.96%。三叶期淹水造成的影响最大，拔节期淹水次之，开花后10 d 淹水造成的影响较小，其影响随淹水持续时间的延长而加剧。
選用登海605和鄭單958為試驗材料，在大田條件下設置淹水時期(三葉期、拔節期、花後10 d)和淹水持續時間(淹水3 d 和6 d)處理研究淹水對夏玉米光閤特性的影響。結果錶明，淹水脅迫後葉麵積指數和葉綠素含量顯著下降，淨光閤速率(Pn)、氣孔導度(Gs)、細胞間隙 CO2濃度(Ci)顯著降低，三葉期淹水6 d 對其影響最顯著，開花期鄭單958和登海605功能葉片的 Pn、Gs、Ci 較對照的分彆下降21.24%、33.65%、16.49%和24.50%、32.31%、10.99%。淹水後葉片的 Fv/Fm、Fm/Fo、ΦPSII 顯著下降，三葉期淹水6 d 後影響最顯著，登海605和鄭單958分彆下降16.86%、17.12%、11.67%和13.58%、21.40%、22.52%，這是導緻夏玉米產量顯著下降的主要光閤生理機製，三葉期淹水6 d產量降幅最大，登海605和鄭單958較對照分彆下降41.51%和40.96%。三葉期淹水造成的影響最大，拔節期淹水次之，開花後10 d 淹水造成的影響較小，其影響隨淹水持續時間的延長而加劇。
선용등해605화정단958위시험재료，재대전조건하설치엄수시기(삼협기、발절기、화후10 d)화엄수지속시간(엄수3 d 화6 d)처리연구엄수대하옥미광합특성적영향。결과표명，엄수협박후협면적지수화협록소함량현저하강，정광합속솔(Pn)、기공도도(Gs)、세포간극 CO2농도(Ci)현저강저，삼협기엄수6 d 대기영향최현저，개화기정단958화등해605공능협편적 Pn、Gs、Ci 교대조적분별하강21.24%、33.65%、16.49%화24.50%、32.31%、10.99%。엄수후협편적 Fv/Fm、Fm/Fo、ΦPSII 현저하강，삼협기엄수6 d 후영향최현저，등해605화정단958분별하강16.86%、17.12%、11.67%화13.58%、21.40%、22.52%，저시도치하옥미산량현저하강적주요광합생리궤제，삼협기엄수6 d산량강폭최대，등해605화정단958교대조분별하강41.51%화40.96%。삼협기엄수조성적영향최대，발절기엄수차지，개화후10 d 엄수조성적영향교소，기영향수엄수지속시간적연장이가극。
Two summer maize hybrids Zhengdan 958 and Denghai 605 were used in the field experiment to explore the effects of waterlogging with different durations (3 and 6 days) on photosynthetic characteristics of summer maize at the three-leaf stage (V3), six-leaf stage (V6), and ten days after the tasseling stage (10VT). Results showed that leaf area index (LAI), chlorophyll content, net photosynthetic rate (Pn), stomatal conductance (Gs), and intercellular CO2 concentration (Ci) were decreased signifi-cantly by waterlogging. Pn, Gs, and Ci of two hydrids decreased mostly in the treatment of waterlogging for six days at V3, with 21.24%, 33.65%, and 16.49% in Denghai 605 and 24.50%, 32.31%, and 10.99% in Zhengdan 958, respectively. Fv/Fm, Fm/Fo, andΦPSI significantly decreased in the treatment of waterlogging for six days at V3, with 16.86%, 17.12% and 11.67% in Denghai 605 and 13.58%, 21.40% and 22.52% in Zhengdan 958 respectively, resulting in the decrease of grain yield ultimately by 41.51%in Denghai 605 and 40.96% in Zhengdan 958. The greatest yield losses from waterlogging occurred at V3, the following was at V6 and 10VT. The waterlogging effect increased with increasing waterlogging duration.
