作物学报
作物學報
작물학보
ACTA AGRONOMICA SINICA
2015年
2期
286-296
,共11页
姜元华%许轲%赵可%孙建军%韦还和%许俊伟%魏海燕%郭保卫%霍中洋%戴其根%张洪程
薑元華%許軻%趙可%孫建軍%韋還和%許俊偉%魏海燕%郭保衛%霍中洋%戴其根%張洪程
강원화%허가%조가%손건군%위환화%허준위%위해연%곽보위%곽중양%대기근%장홍정
籼粳杂交稻%甬优系列%冠层结构%光合特性
秈粳雜交稻%甬優繫列%冠層結構%光閤特性
선갱잡교도%용우계렬%관층결구%광합특성
Indica-japonica hybrid rice%Yongyou series%Canopy structure%Photosynthetic characteristics
旨在阐明甬优系列籼粳杂交稻的冠层结构与光合特性。以甬优籼粳杂交稻(A)为研究对象,以三系杂交粳稻(B)、超级常规粳稻(C)和超级杂交籼稻(D)为对照,在机插高产栽培条件下,对不同类型水稻的叶片受光姿态和群体冠层光分布、光合特性系统比较研究。结果表明：(1)上3张叶片的长度、宽度表现为 A>B>D>C,叶基角表现为D>A>B>C,披垂度表现为 D>B>C>A。冠层上部叶面积密度表现为 D>A>B>C,冠层下部叶面积密度表现为C>B>A>D,最大叶面积密度表现为 A>D>B>C,最大叶面积密度出现的相对高度表现为 D>A>B>C。冠层上部相对光照表现为 A>B>C>D,冠层下部相对光照表现为 B>A>C>D,冠层平均相对光照表现为 B>A>C>D,冠层消光系数表现为 C>D>B>A。(2)抽穗期群体叶面积指数、高效叶面积率均呈 D>A>B>C 趋势,有效叶面积率呈 A>B>C>D 趋势；颖花/叶和实粒/叶均表现为 A>B>C>D。经济产量、生物产量均表现为 A>B>C>D,经济系数呈 D>C>B>A 趋势；蜡熟期和成熟期剑叶的叶绿素含量、类胡萝卜素含量、PSII 的光化学效率及净光合速率呈 A>B>C>D 趋势；抽穗至成熟期剑叶的 MDA 含量呈 D>C>B>A 趋势, SOD、POD、CAT 活性呈 A>B>C>D 趋势。与其他3种类型水稻相比,甬优系列籼粳杂交稻的冠层结构与光合特性具有显著优势,这是甬优系列杂交稻产量潜力正常发挥的生态生理基础,也是进一步提高亚种间杂交稻群体生产力的重要途径。
旨在闡明甬優繫列秈粳雜交稻的冠層結構與光閤特性。以甬優秈粳雜交稻(A)為研究對象,以三繫雜交粳稻(B)、超級常規粳稻(C)和超級雜交秈稻(D)為對照,在機插高產栽培條件下,對不同類型水稻的葉片受光姿態和群體冠層光分佈、光閤特性繫統比較研究。結果錶明：(1)上3張葉片的長度、寬度錶現為 A>B>D>C,葉基角錶現為D>A>B>C,披垂度錶現為 D>B>C>A。冠層上部葉麵積密度錶現為 D>A>B>C,冠層下部葉麵積密度錶現為C>B>A>D,最大葉麵積密度錶現為 A>D>B>C,最大葉麵積密度齣現的相對高度錶現為 D>A>B>C。冠層上部相對光照錶現為 A>B>C>D,冠層下部相對光照錶現為 B>A>C>D,冠層平均相對光照錶現為 B>A>C>D,冠層消光繫數錶現為 C>D>B>A。(2)抽穗期群體葉麵積指數、高效葉麵積率均呈 D>A>B>C 趨勢,有效葉麵積率呈 A>B>C>D 趨勢；穎花/葉和實粒/葉均錶現為 A>B>C>D。經濟產量、生物產量均錶現為 A>B>C>D,經濟繫數呈 D>C>B>A 趨勢；蠟熟期和成熟期劍葉的葉綠素含量、類鬍蘿蔔素含量、PSII 的光化學效率及淨光閤速率呈 A>B>C>D 趨勢；抽穗至成熟期劍葉的 MDA 含量呈 D>C>B>A 趨勢, SOD、POD、CAT 活性呈 A>B>C>D 趨勢。與其他3種類型水稻相比,甬優繫列秈粳雜交稻的冠層結構與光閤特性具有顯著優勢,這是甬優繫列雜交稻產量潛力正常髮揮的生態生理基礎,也是進一步提高亞種間雜交稻群體生產力的重要途徑。
지재천명용우계렬선갱잡교도적관층결구여광합특성。이용우선갱잡교도(A)위연구대상,이삼계잡교갱도(B)、초급상규갱도(C)화초급잡교선도(D)위대조,재궤삽고산재배조건하,대불동류형수도적협편수광자태화군체관층광분포、광합특성계통비교연구。결과표명：(1)상3장협편적장도、관도표현위 A>B>D>C,협기각표현위D>A>B>C,피수도표현위 D>B>C>A。관층상부협면적밀도표현위 D>A>B>C,관층하부협면적밀도표현위C>B>A>D,최대협면적밀도표현위 A>D>B>C,최대협면적밀도출현적상대고도표현위 D>A>B>C。관층상부상대광조표현위 A>B>C>D,관층하부상대광조표현위 B>A>C>D,관층평균상대광조표현위 B>A>C>D,관층소광계수표현위 C>D>B>A。(2)추수기군체협면적지수、고효협면적솔균정 D>A>B>C 추세,유효협면적솔정 A>B>C>D 추세；영화/협화실립/협균표현위 A>B>C>D。경제산량、생물산량균표현위 A>B>C>D,경제계수정 D>C>B>A 추세；사숙기화성숙기검협적협록소함량、류호라복소함량、PSII 적광화학효솔급정광합속솔정 A>B>C>D 추세；추수지성숙기검협적 MDA 함량정 D>C>B>A 추세, SOD、POD、CAT 활성정 A>B>C>D 추세。여기타3충류형수도상비,용우계렬선갱잡교도적관층결구여광합특성구유현저우세,저시용우계렬잡교도산량잠력정상발휘적생태생리기출,야시진일보제고아충간잡교도군체생산력적중요도경。
Compared with japonica hybrid rice cultivars(B), conventional japonica rice cultivars (C) and indica hybrid rice cultivars (D), Yongyou series of indica-japonica hybrid rice cultivars (A) were adopted to analyze the lightened posture of leave, light distribution of canopy and photosynthetic characteristics of plant systematically. Results were as follows: (1) leaf length, leaf width of top three leaves showed the trend of A>B>D>C, canopy extinction coefficient showed the trend of C>D>B>A, leaf basic angle of top three leaves and relative height of the largest leaf area density were D>A>B>C, lower canopy leaf area density was C>B>A>D, plant height and the largest leaf area density showed the trend of A>D>B>C, leaf drop angle of top three leaves showed the trend of D>B>C>A, upper canopy leaf area density observed D>A>B>C, lower canopy relative light showed the trend of A>B>C>D, lower canopy relative light and canopy average relative light showed the trend of B>A>C>D; (2) population LAI and high valid leaf area rate showed the trend of D>A>B>C at heading, valid leaf area rate, spikelets per cm2 leaf area, filled grains per cm2 leaf area, total biomass, economic yield, chlorophyll (a+b) content, carotenoid content, PSII actual photochemical efficiency, net photosynthetic rate, enzyme activities of SOD, POD, and CAT after heading showed the trend of A>B>C>D, harvest index and MDA content showed the trend of D>C>B>A. Therefore, compared with other three types of rice, Yongyou Series of indica-japonica hybrid rice had significant advantages in the canopy structure and photosynthetic characteristics, which are both normal ecological and physiological bases of high yield, and maybe an important way to improve the population productivity of inter-subspecific hybrid rice.
