古地理学报
古地理學報
고지이학보
JOURNAL OF PALAEOGEOGRAPHY
2015年
1期
63-80
,共18页
沉积充填%板块边缘%弧陆碰撞%构造古地理%中生代%新生代%加勒比板块
沉積充填%闆塊邊緣%弧陸踫撞%構造古地理%中生代%新生代%加勒比闆塊
침적충전%판괴변연%호륙팽당%구조고지리%중생대%신생대%가륵비판괴
sedimentary fillings%plate margin%arc-continent collision%tectono palaeogeography%Mesozoic%Cenozoic%Caribbean Plate
加勒比板块边缘带包括西缘中美洲古陆块及火山岛弧、北缘大安的列斯岛弧带、东缘小安的列斯岛弧带和南缘南美板块北部4个部分，其沉积充填特征存在明显差异。加勒比板块边缘接受沉积时间由西向东逐渐变晚，其中中美洲古陆块以碳酸盐岩及火山碎屑岩充填为主，大安的列斯岛弧带及南美板块北部地区以碳酸盐岩—碎屑岩混合沉积充填为特征，中美洲火山岛弧带与东缘小安的列斯岛弧带以火山碎屑岩充填为主，造成这种沉积充填差异的主要原因是构造演化控制下的加勒比地区的古地理特征不同。加勒比板块及其周缘地区的构造古地理演化共经历4个阶段：（1）侏罗纪裂谷期，泛大陆的裂解使得南、北美板块边缘发育裂谷相；（2）白垩纪被动陆缘期，古加勒比海槽的进一步打开使得南、北美板块边缘发育被动大陆边缘浅海相；（3）晚白垩世—始新世碰撞造山期，加勒比板块与南、北美板块的碰撞拼合作用使得加勒比板块南、北缘均从海相转变为碰撞造山陆相；（4）始新世以来的分异期，随着古加勒比海槽的消亡和北缘碰撞拼合的结束，加勒比板块东缘及西缘的火山岛弧带进一步发育，而北缘及南缘继续发育陆相沉积。
加勒比闆塊邊緣帶包括西緣中美洲古陸塊及火山島弧、北緣大安的列斯島弧帶、東緣小安的列斯島弧帶和南緣南美闆塊北部4箇部分，其沉積充填特徵存在明顯差異。加勒比闆塊邊緣接受沉積時間由西嚮東逐漸變晚，其中中美洲古陸塊以碳痠鹽巖及火山碎屑巖充填為主，大安的列斯島弧帶及南美闆塊北部地區以碳痠鹽巖—碎屑巖混閤沉積充填為特徵，中美洲火山島弧帶與東緣小安的列斯島弧帶以火山碎屑巖充填為主，造成這種沉積充填差異的主要原因是構造縯化控製下的加勒比地區的古地理特徵不同。加勒比闆塊及其週緣地區的構造古地理縯化共經歷4箇階段：（1）侏囉紀裂穀期，汎大陸的裂解使得南、北美闆塊邊緣髮育裂穀相；（2）白堊紀被動陸緣期，古加勒比海槽的進一步打開使得南、北美闆塊邊緣髮育被動大陸邊緣淺海相；（3）晚白堊世—始新世踫撞造山期，加勒比闆塊與南、北美闆塊的踫撞拼閤作用使得加勒比闆塊南、北緣均從海相轉變為踫撞造山陸相；（4）始新世以來的分異期，隨著古加勒比海槽的消亡和北緣踫撞拼閤的結束，加勒比闆塊東緣及西緣的火山島弧帶進一步髮育，而北緣及南緣繼續髮育陸相沉積。
가륵비판괴변연대포괄서연중미주고륙괴급화산도호、북연대안적렬사도호대、동연소안적렬사도호대화남연남미판괴북부4개부분，기침적충전특정존재명현차이。가륵비판괴변연접수침적시간유서향동축점변만，기중중미주고륙괴이탄산염암급화산쇄설암충전위주，대안적렬사도호대급남미판괴북부지구이탄산염암—쇄설암혼합침적충전위특정，중미주화산도호대여동연소안적렬사도호대이화산쇄설암충전위주，조성저충침적충전차이적주요원인시구조연화공제하적가륵비지구적고지리특정불동。가륵비판괴급기주연지구적구조고지리연화공경력4개계단：（1）주라기렬곡기，범대륙적렬해사득남、북미판괴변연발육렬곡상；（2）백성기피동륙연기，고가륵비해조적진일보타개사득남、북미판괴변연발육피동대륙변연천해상；（3）만백성세—시신세팽당조산기，가륵비판괴여남、북미판괴적팽당병합작용사득가륵비판괴남、북연균종해상전변위팽당조산륙상；（4）시신세이래적분이기，수착고가륵비해조적소망화북연팽당병합적결속，가륵비판괴동연급서연적화산도호대진일보발육，이북연급남연계속발육륙상침적。
The Caribbean marginal region is divided into four belts, i.e., the Central American palaeocontinent and volcanic arcs in the west, the Greater Antillean belt in the north, the Lesser An-tillean belt in the east, and the northern boundary of South America in the south.Sedimentation began firstly in the west and then progressed gradually eastwards.Respectively,the Central American palaeocon-tinent is mainly carbonate rocks and volcaniclastic rocks;the Greater Antillean belt and the northern boundary of South America are dominated by mixed carbonate-clastic sedimentation;and the Central A-merican volcanic arcs and the Lesser Antillean belt are characterized of volcanic-clastic rocks.This sedi-mentary differentiation is mainly due to the various palaeogeographical characteristics controlled by tectonic evolution.Four stages of tectonopalaeogeography in Caribbean Plate and its peripheral areas are indenti-fied:(1 ) Rift facies developed at the boundaries of South and North American Plates due to the rifting of Pangea in the Jurassic;(2) In the Cretaceous,shallow marine facies of passive margin were developed in the boundaries of South and North American Plates with the opening of Proto-Caribbean trough;(3) In the latest Cretaceous-Eocene,the palaeogeography of southern and northern margins of Caribbean Plate changed into continental facies;(4) The volcanic arcs were developed at eastern and western margins of Caribbean Plate and continental facies were further developed on the northern and southern margins at the end of the collision since the Eocene.
