CAJ | 학술논문

研究典型种植制度对旱地黑垆土微生物多样性的影响，对优化旱地作物种植制度、发挥土壤潜在肥力、实现土壤资源可持续利用有着重要的意义。通过27年长期定位试验，采用454测序技术分析了黄土高原旱作地区不同种植制度下黑垆土细菌、真菌多样性的变化情况。结果表明，不施肥低营养胁迫下，细菌多样性表现为粮豆轮作>小麦连作>裸地>苜蓿连作，真菌多样性表现为小麦连作≈苜蓿连作>裸地>粮豆轮作。施氮、磷肥条件下，粮草长周期轮作(苜蓿→苜蓿→苜蓿→苜蓿→马铃薯→小麦→小麦→小麦+苜蓿)中土壤微生物多样性大致表现出先降低后增加的趋势，第4年苜蓿或苜蓿茬后第1年小麦微生物 Chao 指数和 Shannon 指数最低，苜蓿茬后第2年小麦微生物多样性最高，细菌 Chao 指数和真菌 Shannon 指数比连作小麦高22.0%和79.2%；粮草短周期轮作(红豆草→小麦→小麦+红豆草)中土壤微生物多样性大致呈现增加趋势，至红豆草茬后第2年小麦土壤微生物多样性达到最高，真菌 Chao指数和 Shannon 指数均分别比连作小麦高50.8%和51.0%。黄土高原旱地区黑垆土采取粮食作物与豆科作物轮作可提高土壤微生物多样性。
연구전형충식제도대한지흑로토미생물다양성적영향，대우화한지작물충식제도、발휘토양잠재비력、실현토양자원가지속이용유착중요적의의。통과27년장기정위시험，채용454측서기술분석료황토고원한작지구불동충식제도하흑로토세균、진균다양성적변화정황。결과표명，불시비저영양협박하，세균다양성표현위량두륜작>소맥련작>라지>목숙련작，진균다양성표현위소맥련작≈목숙련작>라지>량두륜작。시담、린비조건하，량초장주기륜작(목숙→목숙→목숙→목숙→마령서→소맥→소맥→소맥+목숙)중토양미생물다양성대치표현출선강저후증가적추세，제4년목숙혹목숙치후제1년소맥미생물 Chao 지수화 Shannon 지수최저，목숙치후제2년소맥미생물다양성최고，세균 Chao 지수화진균 Shannon 지수비련작소맥고22.0%화79.2%；량초단주기륜작(홍두초→소맥→소맥+홍두초)중토양미생물다양성대치정현증가추세，지홍두초치후제2년소맥토양미생물다양성체도최고，진균 Chao지수화 Shannon 지수균분별비련작소맥고50.8%화51.0%。황토고원한지구흑로토채취양식작물여두과작물륜작가제고토양미생물다양성。
It has important significance on optimizing dryland cropping systems, mining the soil potential fertility and achieving the sustainable use of soil resources that we study the influence of cropping systems on soil microbial diversity in typical arid areas. In the long-term experiment lasted 27 years, we analyzed the diversity changes of bacteria and fungi in black loessial soil under different cropping systems in Loess Plateau using 454 sequencing technology. The results showed that bacterial diversity showed wheat-pea rotation>continuous wheat>fallow land>continuous alfalfa, and fungal diversity showed continuous wheat≈continuous alfalfa>fallow land>wheat-pea rotation under low nutritional stress with no fertilization. In the conditions of application of nitrogen fertilizer and phosphorus fertilizer, microbial diversity generally showed an decreasing and then increasing trend in long-period rotation of wheat–alfalfa (alfalfa→alfalfa→alfalfa→alfalfa→potato→wheat→wheat→wheat, eight years as a rotation period); Chao index and Shannon index of the 4th year alfalfa or the 1st year wheat were the lowest, and those of the 2nd year wheat were the maximum, with the bacteria Chao index and fungi Shannon index of 22.0% and 79.2% higher than those of continuous wheat, respectively. Microbial diversity generally showed an increasing trend in short-period rotation of wheat–sainfoin (sainfoin→wheat→wheat, three years as a rotation period), and that of the 2nd year wheat after sainfoin was the maximum, with fungi Chao index and Shannon index of 50.8% and 51.0% higher than that of continuous wheat respectively. Wheat-forage legumes rotation could improve the microbial diversity significantly in Loess dryland areas.