CAJ | 학술논문

为了研究近距离煤层覆岩移动和离层发育规律，通过相似材料模拟试验，模拟了近距离煤层下行开采时覆岩移动过程；应用数字图像相关法对位移测点进行测量，获得了测点位移数据；应用聚类分析对测点进行分类，得出受采动影响的三带的具体范围。分析了测点的位移过程，得出测点位移特点具有连续性和突变性；采动影响范围的扩展特点为横向扩展、纵向延伸；下煤层开采时岩层最大位移点滞后工作面的距离缩短；上煤层开采时的离层量转化为下煤层开采时的垮落量。分析了离层扩展，得出离层扩展方向为横向扩展、纵向延伸，经历了发育—扩张—突变—闭合的过程；发现行、列测线离层率曲线均呈双驼峰状。对行测线，分析了离层率曲线成因和峰值点大小关系、位置变化，得出上部岩层相对下部岩层峰值点内错，峰值点位于断裂线附近，波谷位于采空区中部；对于列测线离层率曲线，得出峰值点为离层位置，峰值点左侧为离层闭合区，右侧为离层发育区，峰值点右侧波谷为关键层位置，峰值点随煤层开采不连续右移，具有跳跃性。给出了来压时刻的判别方法，发现采动影响区测点位移曲线上存在外包络线；给出关键层的识别方法，得出下煤层开采时关键层位置上移。
위료연구근거리매층복암이동화리층발육규률，통과상사재료모의시험，모의료근거리매층하행개채시복암이동과정；응용수자도상상관법대위이측점진행측량，획득료측점위이수거；응용취류분석대측점진행분류，득출수채동영향적삼대적구체범위。분석료측점적위이과정，득출측점위이특점구유련속성화돌변성；채동영향범위적확전특점위횡향확전、종향연신；하매층개채시암층최대위이점체후공작면적거리축단；상매층개채시적리층량전화위하매층개채시적과락량。분석료리층확전，득출리층확전방향위횡향확전、종향연신，경력료발육—확장—돌변—폐합적과정；발현행、렬측선리층솔곡선균정쌍타봉상。대행측선，분석료리층솔곡선성인화봉치점대소관계、위치변화，득출상부암층상대하부암층봉치점내착，봉치점위우단렬선부근，파곡위우채공구중부；대우렬측선리층솔곡선，득출봉치점위리층위치，봉치점좌측위리층폐합구，우측위리층발육구，봉치점우측파곡위관건층위치，봉치점수매층개채불련속우이，구유도약성。급출료래압시각적판별방법，발현채동영향구측점위이곡선상존재외포락선；급출관건층적식별방법，득출하매층개채시관건층위치상이。
In order to study the law of overburden rock movement and bed separation development in close distance coal seams,the movement of overburden rock when downward mining of close distance coal seams is simulated through similar material simulation experiment. The digital image correlation method is applied to measure displacement points and obtain displacement data of the measured points. The cluster analysis is used to classify the measured points and obtain the specific scope of the three zones under mining influence. According to the analysis on the displacement process of measured point,it has a feature of conti-nuity and mutability. The expansion of the mining influence scope is in lateral spreading and vertical extension;When lower coal seam is explored,the maximal displacement point is behind the shortening distance of working face. Bed separation during upper coal seam mining is transformed into caving at lower coal seam mining. By analyzing the extension of the bed separation,it is con-cluded that the direction of the bed separation is in vertical and horizontal extension,and experiences the process of development-expansion-mutation-close. It is found that the bed separation rate curve of the row and column survey line is in double-humped shape. On row survey line,the causes for bed-separation rate curve,peak point size relations,and position change are analyzed,it is concluded that the peak point of the upper rock stratum are in internal displacement with that the lower rock stratum,the peak point nears to the fracture line,and the trough is located in the middle of goaf. From bed separation rate curve of the column sur-vey line,it is obtained that the peak point is in bed separation. The closed area of bed separation is on the left of peak,and the development area is on the right. The trough on the right side of peak point is the position of key stratum;Peaks discontinuously moves and leaps to the right with coal seam mining. The discriminant method for weighting moment is given,finding that outer en-velop curve exists on displacement curve of measuring point on mining influence zone. The identification method for key stratum is given,obtaining that the position of key stratum move up during lower coal seams mining.