南京师大学报(社会科学版)
南京師大學報(社會科學版)
남경사대학보(사회과학판)
JOURNAL OF NANJING NORMAL UNIVERSITY (SOCIAL SCIENCE EDITION)
2015年
1期
38-48
,共11页
行为无价值论%结果无价值论%刑罚目的%积极的一般预防
行為無價值論%結果無價值論%刑罰目的%積極的一般預防
행위무개치론%결과무개치론%형벌목적%적겁적일반예방
theory of conduct without value%theory of consequence without value%purpose of punish-ment%positive general prevention
犯罪是和刑罚相对应的概念,合理的违法性论必定与能够充分发挥其效果的刑罚论相联系;离开对刑罚相关问题的认识,不可能清晰地揭示犯罪的本质。特殊预防和由费尔巴哈所首倡的消极一般预防都存在明显缺陷。积极一般预防论的主旨是通过指导公众的行为,确立公众对于规范的认同、尊重进而预防犯罪。行为无价值二元论认为犯罪的本质是违反行为规范进而造成法益侵害,刑法的目的就是维护社会基本行为准则的存在并最终保护法益,相应地,对刑罚的目的就不应当定位于通过威慑来阻止现实或者潜在的犯罪人和社会一般人今后不犯罪,而是要凸显规范的意义,引导公众按照行为规范行事,因而主张积极的、规范的一般预防,使犯罪论和刑罚论浑然一体、前后照应。肯定积极的一般预防论有助于准确认定中止犯、过失犯;同时,不会造成重刑化,不会无端限制个人行动自由。
犯罪是和刑罰相對應的概唸,閤理的違法性論必定與能夠充分髮揮其效果的刑罰論相聯繫;離開對刑罰相關問題的認識,不可能清晰地揭示犯罪的本質。特殊預防和由費爾巴哈所首倡的消極一般預防都存在明顯缺陷。積極一般預防論的主旨是通過指導公衆的行為,確立公衆對于規範的認同、尊重進而預防犯罪。行為無價值二元論認為犯罪的本質是違反行為規範進而造成法益侵害,刑法的目的就是維護社會基本行為準則的存在併最終保護法益,相應地,對刑罰的目的就不應噹定位于通過威懾來阻止現實或者潛在的犯罪人和社會一般人今後不犯罪,而是要凸顯規範的意義,引導公衆按照行為規範行事,因而主張積極的、規範的一般預防,使犯罪論和刑罰論渾然一體、前後照應。肯定積極的一般預防論有助于準確認定中止犯、過失犯;同時,不會造成重刑化,不會無耑限製箇人行動自由。
범죄시화형벌상대응적개념,합리적위법성론필정여능구충분발휘기효과적형벌론상련계;리개대형벌상관문제적인식,불가능청석지게시범죄적본질。특수예방화유비이파합소수창적소겁일반예방도존재명현결함。적겁일반예방론적주지시통과지도공음적행위,학립공음대우규범적인동、존중진이예방범죄。행위무개치이원론인위범죄적본질시위반행위규범진이조성법익침해,형법적목적취시유호사회기본행위준칙적존재병최종보호법익,상응지,대형벌적목적취불응당정위우통과위섭래조지현실혹자잠재적범죄인화사회일반인금후불범죄,이시요철현규범적의의,인도공음안조행위규범행사,인이주장적겁적、규범적일반예방,사범죄론화형벌론혼연일체、전후조응。긍정적겁적일반예방론유조우준학인정중지범、과실범;동시,불회조성중형화,불회무단한제개인행동자유。
Crime and punishment are two notions corresponding to each other. A reasonable theory of illegality must be related to that of punishment which can give full play to its effect. Without adequate understanding of punishment,it is unlikely for us to reveal the essence of crime. Both specific preven-tion and negative general prevention first proposed by Feuerbach have obvious defects. Positive general prevention aims to build the public's identification with and respect for social norms by guiding their behaviors so as to prevent crimes. The dualism of conduct without value and consequence without val-ue holds that the essence of crime lies in infringing on legal interests through violating norms. Thus, the purpose of criminal law is to safeguard social norms and legal interests. Instead of deterring crimi-nals,potential criminals and common people from committing crimes,we should highlight the signifi-cance of norms and guide the public to abide by them. Hence,it is advisable to integrate standard positive general prevention with crime and punishment. Positive general prevention helps to identify discontinuation of a crime and criminal negligence. Meanwhile,it will not bring about severe punish-ment and arbitrary limitation on individual freedom.