CAJ | 학술논문

上世纪90年代，台湾地区开始以“自下而上”的社区建设体制替代它实行了近30年的“自上而下”社区建设体制。它主要体现在：在制度设计方面引入了“社区导向”，在制度执行方面重视“基层政府”和社区的作用，而在执行过程中引入了“自下而上申请专案”的机制。纵观台湾地区社区建设实践，可以看到：台湾地区社区建设自始至终贯穿着官方“改造社会战略”的意志；在“公民社会”未经建成基础上推动的社区建设体制所主张的“自下而上”模式不得不借由“自上而下”的行政干预方式推动，这为社区主义的扩展提供了空间，因而其社区建设政策转轨呈现出“柔性强制＋示范诱致”的变迁特征。台湾地区推动社区主义虽然是深嵌于其特有的政治社会生态，但其主动推动的姿态以及培育和辅导民间组织的积极作为，尤其值得借鉴。
상세기90년대，태만지구개시이“자하이상”적사구건설체제체대타실행료근30년적“자상이하”사구건설체제。타주요체현재：재제도설계방면인입료“사구도향”，재제도집행방면중시“기층정부”화사구적작용，이재집행과정중인입료“자하이상신청전안”적궤제。종관태만지구사구건설실천，가이간도：태만지구사구건설자시지종관천착관방“개조사회전략”적의지；재“공민사회”미경건성기출상추동적사구건설체제소주장적“자하이상”모식불득불차유“자상이하”적행정간예방식추동，저위사구주의적확전제공료공간，인이기사구건설정책전궤정현출“유성강제＋시범유치”적변천특정。태만지구추동사구주의수연시심감우기특유적정치사회생태，단기주동추동적자태이급배육화보도민간조직적적겁작위，우기치득차감。
In the 1990s,Taiwan authorities shifted their community-building policy from a top-down approach to a bottom-up one. A community-oriented institutional design was adopted;much emphasis was placed on the role played by the local government and community;and a mechanism of bottom-up application project was implemented. Reviewing their community-building practices,we find that the authorities'“social transformation strategy”ran through the whole process. Before the civil society was well-developed,the bottom-up mode of community construction intended by communitarianism had to be aided by the top-down administrative intervention. This gave the community spirit some room to de-velop. In short,changes of community-building policy in Taiwan are characterized by the flexible en-forcement of top-down policies and the employment of the ripple effect of leading models. Community spirit in Taiwan is profoundly influenced by its politico-social ecology,but their proactive policies in nurturing and guiding non-governmental organizations are enlightening to our policy-making.