CAJ | 학술논문

为准确估计混养鱼、青虾、河蟹养殖池塘清塘时污染物的排放强度，实验选取三种类型池塘（混养鱼塘、青虾塘、河蟹塘）各5口。混养鱼塘清塘时一边捕捞一边用潜水泵排水；青虾塘在捕捞完成后即用潜水泵排水；河蟹塘在捕捞完成后1个月左右采用自流装置从表层开始排水并滞留30 cm 水于塘内。采集三类池塘清塘前塘内水样及清塘过程中排水口水样，分析总氮、总磷、化学耗氧量和悬浮物等污染物浓度。分别以塘内水质和排水口水质的监测值估算了污染物的表观排放强度和实际排放强度。结果表明，随着塘内水位下降，混养鱼塘和青虾塘排水口的污染物浓度显著提高（P ＜0．05）。混养鱼塘的实际污染强度显著高于其表观污染强度（P ＜0．05）。然而河蟹池塘污染物的实际排放强度却显著低于表观排放强度（P ＜0．05）。结果提示以塘内水质来估算池塘养殖污染物排放强度有明显误差；通过改进排水技术可以削减养殖污染排放量。
위준학고계혼양어、청하、하해양식지당청당시오염물적배방강도，실험선취삼충류형지당（혼양어당、청하당、하해당）각5구。혼양어당청당시일변포로일변용잠수빙배수；청하당재포로완성후즉용잠수빙배수；하해당재포로완성후1개월좌우채용자류장치종표층개시배수병체류30 cm 수우당내。채집삼류지당청당전당내수양급청당과정중배수구수양，분석총담、총린、화학모양량화현부물등오염물농도。분별이당내수질화배수구수질적감측치고산료오염물적표관배방강도화실제배방강도。결과표명，수착당내수위하강，혼양어당화청하당배수구적오염물농도현저제고（P ＜0．05）。혼양어당적실제오염강도현저고우기표관오염강도（P ＜0．05）。연이하해지당오염물적실제배방강도각현저저우표관배방강도（P ＜0．05）。결과제시이당내수질래고산지당양식오염물배방강도유명현오차；통과개진배수기술가이삭감양식오염배방량。
This study was conducted to estimate the pollution intensity of pond of polyculture fish , shrimp (Macrobrachium nipponense) and crab (Eriocheir sinensis) during harvest draining.Water was drained from fish pond by submersible pump when fish was harvesting, and from shrimp pond after harvest.Crab pond was drained one month after harvest by equipment which discharged water from surface , and 30 cm water in depth was reserved in pond.Five ponds for each species were se-lected to monitor the total nitrogen (TN), total phosphorus (TP), chemical oxygen demand (CODMn ) and total suspen-ded solids (TSS) in pond before drainage and in outlet during draining .Discharged pollutants were estimated by water qual -ity in pond before drainage (apparent pollution intensity) and in outlet during harvest draining (monitored pollution intes-ity) respectively.Results showed the pollutants concentration increased significantly with decreasing of water depth in pond (P <0.05).The apparent pollution intensity of fish pond was higher than that of monitored pollution intensity significantly (P <0.05).However, the apparent pollution intensity of crab pond was lower than that of monitored pollution intensity sig -nificantly (P <0.05).These results indicated significant error was exist when estimating aquaculture pollution intensity by water quality in pond.Moreover, aquaculture pollution could be decreased by improving drainage method .