CAJ | 학술논문

国际空难损害赔偿国家责任的存在具有正当性，禁止对民用航空器使用武力的国际法原则是基本要求，主权责任理论是国家责任承担的理论基础。马航MH17航班空难中，国际不法行为和损害后果在国家责任要件中是不容争议和辨驳的。国际空难可归因于国家的国际不法行为可包括一国武装力量的不当行为、一国国家航空器不当操作与他国民用航空器的相撞行为、一国不法分子对他国民用航空器的非法干扰行为、一国机关或个人的错误或失误行为、武装叛乱行为等，其中为武力袭击民航客机者提供武器装备的国家也具有一定条件下的可归责性。过错要件对于国际空难损害赔偿国家责任的方式和程度有重要影响。在不承认武装叛乱组织的国际法地位的前提下，乌克兰这个主权国家对马航MH17航班被导弹击落至少存在过失责任。国际空难损害赔偿国家责任虽有实现障碍，但依然有政治解决、国际诉讼和协商谈判的路径可寻。
국제공난손해배상국가책임적존재구유정당성，금지대민용항공기사용무력적국제법원칙시기본요구，주권책임이론시국가책임승담적이론기출。마항MH17항반공난중，국제불법행위화손해후과재국가책임요건중시불용쟁의화변박적。국제공난가귀인우국가적국제불법행위가포괄일국무장역량적불당행위、일국국가항공기불당조작여타국민용항공기적상당행위、일국불법분자대타국민용항공기적비법간우행위、일국궤관혹개인적착오혹실오행위、무장반란행위등，기중위무력습격민항객궤자제공무기장비적국가야구유일정조건하적가귀책성。과착요건대우국제공난손해배상국가책임적방식화정도유중요영향。재불승인무장반란조직적국제법지위적전제하，오극란저개주권국가대마항MH17항반피도탄격락지소존재과실책임。국제공난손해배상국가책임수유실현장애，단의연유정치해결、국제소송화협상담판적로경가심。
State responsibility for international air disasters has legitimacy of existence .Banning the use of force a-gainst civil aircraft is the basic principle in international law .Sovereign responsibility theory also provides a theoreti-cal basis for it.For MH17 crash, internationally wrongful acts and injury consequence are undisputable .In an air crash, attribution of conduct to a state includes armed forces ’misconduct, collision of a state aircraft with foreign civil aircraft on account of improper operation , criminals’ illegal interfering behavior to foreign civil aircraft , state’s organ or individual errors or mistake , behavior of armed rebellion and so on .The state providing weapons for the attackers of the civil craft have certain imputations .Fault elements have important influence on the way and degree of state re-sponsibility for international disaster .Ukraine as a sovereignty state at least has fault liability for MH 17 crash.There are barriers to the implementation of state responsibility for the international air disasters , but there is still a path , such as political solution , international litigation and negotiations .