CAJ | 학술논문

学校体育伤害事故是学校体育开展的主要障碍之一，本文以现有法律法规为基础对学校体育伤害事故的致因、责任归属与保障机制等问题进行研究，结果认为：学校体育伤害事故发生的致因分为人的因素、物的因素、社会因素、管理因素和综合因素五类；学校体育伤害事故的责任归属主要有学校承担责任、学生承担责任、第三方承担责任、多方共同承担责任以及由于不可抗拒因素造成的责任五种形式；研究进一步认为当前我国缺乏针对学校体育伤害事故的立法保障，因此建议从法律保障和构建保险体系两个方面对学校体育伤害事故进行保障。制定和完善学校体育伤害事故的针对性法律，为学校体育伤害事故的各方提供有效的法律保障；参照国外经验建立和完善责任赔偿制度，促使学校体育伤害事故的责任赔偿社会化；促使“甘冒风险”和学校、政府的免责制度的实施，使伤害赔偿社会化。从国家层面对学校体育参与涉及的相关保险进行立法，对于风险较高的体育项目设立强制保险和附加保险；根据体育伤害事故的责任类型和构成要素进行多元险种设计是“依法治体”保障学校体育科学发展的基本路径。
학교체육상해사고시학교체육개전적주요장애지일，본문이현유법율법규위기출대학교체육상해사고적치인、책임귀속여보장궤제등문제진행연구，결과인위：학교체육상해사고발생적치인분위인적인소、물적인소、사회인소、관리인소화종합인소오류；학교체육상해사고적책임귀속주요유학교승담책임、학생승담책임、제삼방승담책임、다방공동승담책임이급유우불가항거인소조성적책임오충형식；연구진일보인위당전아국결핍침대학교체육상해사고적입법보장，인차건의종법률보장화구건보험체계량개방면대학교체육상해사고진행보장。제정화완선학교체육상해사고적침대성법률，위학교체육상해사고적각방제공유효적법률보장；삼조국외경험건립화완선책임배상제도，촉사학교체육상해사고적책임배상사회화；촉사“감모풍험”화학교、정부적면책제도적실시，사상해배상사회화。종국가층면대학교체육삼여섭급적상관보험진행입법，대우풍험교고적체육항목설립강제보험화부가보험；근거체육상해사고적책임류형화구성요소진행다원험충설계시“의법치체”보장학교체육과학발전적기본로경。
Sports-related injuries in schools are one of the main obstacles to the development of physical education in schools .In this paper ,based on existing laws and regulations ,we study the causes and the responsibility and security mechanism for sports-re‐lated injuries in schools and conclude that :the causes of the occurrence of sports -related injuries in schools mainly include human factors ,material factors ,social factors ,management factors and comprehensive factors ;the responsibilities for sports-related inju‐ries in schools should be borne by schools ,students and third parties ,or jointly borne by multiple parties ,or borne by the parties concerned as result of a force majeure event .The study has further found that there is currently no law or regulation on sports-re‐lated injuries in schools ,so it is suggested that sports-related injuries in schools should be protected from the two aspects of legal protection and establishment of insurance systems .A law targeted at sports-related injuries in schools should be formulated and im‐proved to provide effective legal protection for all parties concerned in sports-related injuries in schools .Foreign experience in es‐tablishing and improving liability compensation system can be used as reference to promote compensation socialization for sports-re‐lated injuries in schools ,urge to implement the exemption system for schools and governments and socialize compensations for inju‐ries .The legislation for insurance covering sports in schools at the national level should be carried out to establish compulsory insur‐ance and additional insurance for high-risk sports events .Diversified insurance design according to the types of responsibilities and constituent elements for sports-related injury accidents is the basic path to “administer sports by law” and ensure scientific sports development in schools .