西南石油大学学报（社会科学版）
西南石油大學學報（社會科學版）
서남석유대학학보（사회과학판）
JOURNAL OF SOUTHWEST PETROLEUM UNIVERSITY(SOCIAL SCIENCES EDITION)
2015年
1期
38-42
,共5页
三农问题%农民工%土地流转%新中农%城镇化%资本下乡
三農問題%農民工%土地流轉%新中農%城鎮化%資本下鄉
삼농문제%농민공%토지류전%신중농%성진화%자본하향
three rural issues%migrant workers%land circulation%new middle peasants%urbanization%the capital investment to the countryside
取消农业税后，农村劳动力被释放出来，大量农民进城务工经商，农村土地耕种形成一种全新自发的土地流转模式，这种模式催生出一批新中农，即以耕种从亲朋好友间低价流转土地为生的留村农民。在村中青年夫妇以劳动力最大限度为界，通过经营适度规模的土地获得体面的村庄生活。这部分土地以低价且短期流转给留村农民，也保护了外出务工村民的利益。在农村人口大量流出的背景下，新中农变成村庄的中坚力量，成为村庄治理中的主体。然而，以政府主导、为吸引资本下乡所进行的土地流转正在摧毁新中农，它让新中农无地可种，让外出务工村民长期处于失地状态。这样不仅损害了无法外出务工的中青年农民夫妇的利益，也损害了外出务工村民的利益。鉴于此，政府应致力于改善农业耕种条件，培育出在村新中农，守住耕地，保护好进城失败农民的最后退路。
取消農業稅後，農村勞動力被釋放齣來，大量農民進城務工經商，農村土地耕種形成一種全新自髮的土地流轉模式，這種模式催生齣一批新中農，即以耕種從親朋好友間低價流轉土地為生的留村農民。在村中青年伕婦以勞動力最大限度為界，通過經營適度規模的土地穫得體麵的村莊生活。這部分土地以低價且短期流轉給留村農民，也保護瞭外齣務工村民的利益。在農村人口大量流齣的揹景下，新中農變成村莊的中堅力量，成為村莊治理中的主體。然而，以政府主導、為吸引資本下鄉所進行的土地流轉正在摧燬新中農，它讓新中農無地可種，讓外齣務工村民長期處于失地狀態。這樣不僅損害瞭無法外齣務工的中青年農民伕婦的利益，也損害瞭外齣務工村民的利益。鑒于此，政府應緻力于改善農業耕種條件，培育齣在村新中農，守住耕地，保護好進城失敗農民的最後退路。
취소농업세후，농촌노동력피석방출래，대량농민진성무공경상，농촌토지경충형성일충전신자발적토지류전모식，저충모식최생출일비신중농，즉이경충종친붕호우간저개류전토지위생적류촌농민。재촌중청년부부이노동력최대한도위계，통과경영괄도규모적토지획득체면적촌장생활。저부분토지이저개차단기류전급류촌농민，야보호료외출무공촌민적이익。재농촌인구대량류출적배경하，신중농변성촌장적중견역량，성위촌장치리중적주체。연이，이정부주도、위흡인자본하향소진행적토지류전정재최훼신중농，타양신중농무지가충，양외출무공촌민장기처우실지상태。저양불부손해료무법외출무공적중청년농민부부적이익，야손해료외출무공촌민적이익。감우차，정부응치력우개선농업경충조건，배육출재촌신중농，수주경지，보호호진성실패농민적최후퇴로。
After the abolition of agricultural tax,the rural labor was released and many farmers move into cities for business or employment opportunities,which has led to new spontaneous circulation patterns of the rural land. This circulation of farm land gave birth to a number of new middle peasants,farmers who stay in the countryside and live a decent village life by cultivating on an appropriate scale the farm land circulated from friends or relatives at a low cost. Such short term land circulation pattern protect the interests of migrant villagers. In the context of a large number of rural population outflow,the new middle peasants have become the backbone of the village and the main part of the village governance. However,government-leading land circulation in order to attract capital to the countryside is destroying both the new middle peasants and migrant villagers in the long run by depriving them of farm land. Therefore,we suggest that the government should focus on improving farming conditions,encouraging new middle peasants in the village,and protecting cultivated land so that to provide the migrant workers who failed in the cities a last resort.
