CAJ | 학술논문

采用化学敏化和物理敏化方式制备了乳化炸药，通过电测法测量了两种乳化炸药在常温和－30℃冷冻后的爆速，用显微镜对两种乳化炸药的微观结构进行观察，采用水溶法测定了其析晶率，分析了低温引起两种乳化炸药爆速下降及拒爆的原因。结果表明，低温下，化学敏化气泡因表面自由能减小而自发聚集，使气泡尺寸太大而失效，且气泡内外压力差增大，大量有效气泡破碎、逃逸，使炸药最终拒爆；物理敏化克服了敏化气泡低温下不稳定的缺点，但其碎屑为析晶提供了晶核，与化学敏化方式相比，使用物理敏化方式制备的乳化炸药析晶率高7％，冷冻30d爆速虽下降但未拒爆。
채용화학민화화물리민화방식제비료유화작약，통과전측법측량료량충유화작약재상온화－30℃냉동후적폭속，용현미경대량충유화작약적미관결구진행관찰，채용수용법측정료기석정솔，분석료저온인기량충유화작약폭속하강급거폭적원인。결과표명，저온하，화학민화기포인표면자유능감소이자발취집，사기포척촌태대이실효，차기포내외압력차증대，대량유효기포파쇄、도일，사작약최종거폭；물리민화극복료민화기포저온하불은정적결점，단기쇄설위석정제공료정핵，여화학민화방식상비，사용물리민화방식제비적유화작약석정솔고7％，냉동30d폭속수하강단미거폭。
The emulsion explosives sensitized by chemical and physical sensitization were prepared.Based on the electrical measuring method,the detonation velocities of the two kinds of emulsion explosives were tested at room temperature and -30℃.Their micro-structures were observed by microscope and the crystallization rates were detected by solution method.The cause of detonation velocity falling and misfiring was analyzed.The results show that at low temperatures,chemical bubbles gathered easily because of the surface free energy decreasing,and its size increases too large to lose efficacy.Moreover,the pressure difference outside and inside bubbles increases,which lead to most bubbles breaking and escaping.As a result,emulsion explosive misfire finally.Physical sensitization overcomes the disadvantages of instability of the bubbles,but its debris provide crystal nucleus for crystallization, which makes the crystallization rate 7% higher than that of emulsion explosive sensitized by chemical sensitization and its detonation velocity decreases and doesn′t misfire after cooling for 30 days.