成都体育学院学报
成都體育學院學報
성도체육학원학보
JOURNAL OF CHENGDU PHYSICAL EDUCATION INSTITUTE
2015年
1期
7-12
,共6页
林丽雅%张莉%徐心浩%刘禹%李农战%王崇
林麗雅%張莉%徐心浩%劉禹%李農戰%王崇
림려아%장리%서심호%류우%리농전%왕숭
游泳%赛前训练%气体代谢能力%机能状态
遊泳%賽前訓練%氣體代謝能力%機能狀態
유영%새전훈련%기체대사능력%궤능상태
swimming%pre-game training%gas metabolism ability%functional status
目的::在全运会赛前9周,对优秀游泳运动员为期6周的大强度训练并实施赛前训练监控,探索科学有效的赛前大强度训练模式,为游泳运动员赛前大强度训练提供参考依据。方法:对9名优秀游泳运动员实施为期6周的以无氧能力训练为主的赛前大强度训练方案。在训练前后进行一次极限负荷运动(300米全力游)的气体代谢能力测试和血乳酸均匀度的无氧阈测试,并在训练前、训练中(训练2周后)、训练后(训练6周后),测定基础状态下的血红蛋白(Нb)、血清肌酸激酶(CK)、血尿素(BU)、睾酮(T)和皮质醇(C)。结果:(1)与训练前相比,摄氧量(P<0.001)、摄氧量相对值(P<0.001)、呼吸频率(P<0.05)等指标显著下降;呼吸商(P<0.05)、潮气量(P<0.05)、成绩(P<0.05)和即刻血乳酸(P<0.001)显著升高;(2)6周大强度训练后,无氧阈速度、出现无氧阈拐点时的血乳酸和心率没有显著变化。(3)基础状态下,BU指标在大强度训练2周后,明显升高(P<0.05),C指标在训练中期明显下降(P<0.001),训练后期又呈现明显的升高(P<0.05),其它血液指标变化不大。结论:(1)以无氧能力训练为主的的赛前大强度训练计划达到提高运动员无氧能力的目的,同时有氧能力得到保持;(2)血液生化指标的动态变化,符合大强度训练的机能变化特点,赛前大强度训练没有导致运动员机能下降。(3)极限负荷运动(300米全力游)的气体代谢能力测试,为游泳运动员的赛前训练效果的评价提供了新思路、新方法。
目的::在全運會賽前9週,對優秀遊泳運動員為期6週的大彊度訓練併實施賽前訓練鑑控,探索科學有效的賽前大彊度訓練模式,為遊泳運動員賽前大彊度訓練提供參攷依據。方法:對9名優秀遊泳運動員實施為期6週的以無氧能力訓練為主的賽前大彊度訓練方案。在訓練前後進行一次極限負荷運動(300米全力遊)的氣體代謝能力測試和血乳痠均勻度的無氧閾測試,併在訓練前、訓練中(訓練2週後)、訓練後(訓練6週後),測定基礎狀態下的血紅蛋白(Нb)、血清肌痠激酶(CK)、血尿素(BU)、睪酮(T)和皮質醇(C)。結果:(1)與訓練前相比,攝氧量(P<0.001)、攝氧量相對值(P<0.001)、呼吸頻率(P<0.05)等指標顯著下降;呼吸商(P<0.05)、潮氣量(P<0.05)、成績(P<0.05)和即刻血乳痠(P<0.001)顯著升高;(2)6週大彊度訓練後,無氧閾速度、齣現無氧閾枴點時的血乳痠和心率沒有顯著變化。(3)基礎狀態下,BU指標在大彊度訓練2週後,明顯升高(P<0.05),C指標在訓練中期明顯下降(P<0.001),訓練後期又呈現明顯的升高(P<0.05),其它血液指標變化不大。結論:(1)以無氧能力訓練為主的的賽前大彊度訓練計劃達到提高運動員無氧能力的目的,同時有氧能力得到保持;(2)血液生化指標的動態變化,符閤大彊度訓練的機能變化特點,賽前大彊度訓練沒有導緻運動員機能下降。(3)極限負荷運動(300米全力遊)的氣體代謝能力測試,為遊泳運動員的賽前訓練效果的評價提供瞭新思路、新方法。
목적::재전운회새전9주,대우수유영운동원위기6주적대강도훈련병실시새전훈련감공,탐색과학유효적새전대강도훈련모식,위유영운동원새전대강도훈련제공삼고의거。방법:대9명우수유영운동원실시위기6주적이무양능력훈련위주적새전대강도훈련방안。재훈련전후진행일차겁한부하운동(300미전력유)적기체대사능력측시화혈유산균균도적무양역측시,병재훈련전、훈련중(훈련2주후)、훈련후(훈련6주후),측정기출상태하적혈홍단백(Нb)、혈청기산격매(CK)、혈뇨소(BU)、고동(T)화피질순(C)。결과:(1)여훈련전상비,섭양량(P<0.001)、섭양량상대치(P<0.001)、호흡빈솔(P<0.05)등지표현저하강;호흡상(P<0.05)、조기량(P<0.05)、성적(P<0.05)화즉각혈유산(P<0.001)현저승고;(2)6주대강도훈련후,무양역속도、출현무양역괴점시적혈유산화심솔몰유현저변화。(3)기출상태하,BU지표재대강도훈련2주후,명현승고(P<0.05),C지표재훈련중기명현하강(P<0.001),훈련후기우정현명현적승고(P<0.05),기타혈액지표변화불대。결론:(1)이무양능력훈련위주적적새전대강도훈련계화체도제고운동원무양능력적목적,동시유양능력득도보지;(2)혈액생화지표적동태변화,부합대강도훈련적궤능변화특점,새전대강도훈련몰유도치운동원궤능하강。(3)겁한부하운동(300미전력유)적기체대사능력측시,위유영운동원적새전훈련효과적평개제공료신사로、신방법。
Objective:Pre-match intensive training and the corresponding monitoring of excellent swimmers are con-ducted nine weeks before the National Games to explore the scientific and effective pre-game intensive training mode. Methods:Nine excellent swimmers are put in a six-week program of pre-competition intensive training of anaerobic ability. Two tests ( gas metabolism ability and anaerobic threshold of the evenness of blood lactic acid) of limit-load exercise are conducted before and after the training and hemoglobin (Нb) , serum creatine kinase ( CK) , blood urea ( BU) , testosterone ( T) and cortisol ( C) are tested under the elemental status be-fore training, during training (after 2 weeks) and after training (after 6 weeks). Results:(1), oxygen uptake (P<0. 001), the relative magnitude of the oxygen uptake (P<0. 001), respiratory frequency (P<0. 05), and other index decrease significantly compared with those before training while the respiratory quotient ( P<0. 05), the tidal volume (P<0. 05) scores (P<0. 05), and immediate blood lactic acid (P<0. 001) signifi-cantly increase. (2) After six weeks of intensive training, anaerobic threshold velocity, blood lactic acid at the anaerobic threshold inflection point appears and heart rate do not change significantly. ( 3 ) Under elemental status, BU indexes after 2 weeks of intensive training increase significantly (P<0. 05). C indicators during training significantly decrease (P<0. 001) but increases apparent in the late stage (P<0. 05), while other blood indexes change little. Conclusion:(1) Intensive anaerobic ability training before the game achieves the purpose of improving swimmers’ anaerobic ability while maintains their aerobic capacity. (2) The dynamic change of blood biochemical indicators are in line with the function change characteristics of intensive training. So intensive training before the game does not lead to swimmers’ function drops. (3) The test of the gas metab-olism ability of one limit-load exercise provides new ideas and new methods fro the effect evaluation of swim-merˊs pre-game training.