CAJ | 학술논문

泌尿系统结核居于肺外结核第三位，其中最主要的是肾结核。肾结核是由结核分枝杆菌引起的慢性、进行性、破坏性病变，常因其结核症状不典型致使临床诊疗上易漏诊误诊，从而延误治疗时机，给患者泌尿系统带来很大损伤。目前泌尿系统结核的确诊主要依赖于临床表现结合实验室检查、影像学检查等。但是横跨在现有技术与泌尿系统结核临床诊断需要之间的鸿沟依旧为其早期诊断、病情评估和预后监测带来了不可避免的影响，这也阻碍了泌尿系统结核诊断方式更新的探索与发展。伴随着纳米技术和微流体技术的飞速发展，很多检测结核分枝杆菌的生物传感器应运而生。近年来纳米/微流体技术已经被广泛应用于发展现场检测多种疾病的诊断和监测技术方面，这预示着在结核病诊断方面应用纳米/微流体技术也是不可避免的趋势，更为诊断泌尿系统结核寻找更为可靠准确的依据和方法提供了新的契机。以下对泌尿系统结核的临床表现、诊断方法、横跨在现有技术与泌尿系统结核临床诊断之间的鸿沟、结核病诊断的纳米/微流体技术以及纳米/微流体技术能否为泌尿系统结核诊断与监测提供未来前景等方面进行综述。
비뇨계통결핵거우폐외결핵제삼위，기중최주요적시신결핵。신결핵시유결핵분지간균인기적만성、진행성、파배성병변，상인기결핵증상불전형치사림상진료상역루진오진，종이연오치료시궤，급환자비뇨계통대래흔대손상。목전비뇨계통결핵적학진주요의뢰우림상표현결합실험실검사、영상학검사등。단시횡과재현유기술여비뇨계통결핵림상진단수요지간적홍구의구위기조기진단、병정평고화예후감측대래료불가피면적영향，저야조애료비뇨계통결핵진단방식경신적탐색여발전。반수착납미기술화미류체기술적비속발전，흔다검측결핵분지간균적생물전감기응운이생。근년래납미/미류체기술이경피엄범응용우발전현장검측다충질병적진단화감측기술방면，저예시착재결핵병진단방면응용납미/미류체기술야시불가피면적추세，경위진단비뇨계통결핵심조경위가고준학적의거화방법제공료신적계궤。이하대비뇨계통결핵적림상표현、진단방법、횡과재현유기술여비뇨계통결핵림상진단지간적홍구、결핵병진단적납미/미류체기술이급납미/미류체기술능부위비뇨계통결핵진단여감측제공미래전경등방면진행종술。
Tuberculosis of urinary system is third of the extra pulmonary tuberculosis, because of its atypical clinical symptoms of tuberculosis caused easily misdiagnosed, thus delay treatment timing, for patients with urinary system bring great damage. At present, the diagnosis of urinary system tuberculosis mainly depends on the clinical manifestations with laboratory examination and imaging examination. But across the gap of existing technology and clinical diagnosis of tuberculosis of urinary system between the needs still brings the inevitable effect on early diagnosis, condition assessment and prognosis. It also impedes the update tuberculosis diagnosis way of urinary system. With the rapid development of the nanotechnology/microfluidics, biosensors for the detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis emerge as the times. In recent years, nanotechnology/microfluidics has already been widely applied to the detection of various diseases at point of care. This indicates the inevitable trend of the application of nanotechnology/microfluidics in the diagnosis of tuberculosis, also provides a new opportunity for looking for more reliable and accurate basis and methods about tuberculosis of urinary system diagnosis. Hence introduced the clinical manifestations of tuberculosis of urinary system, the diagnosis of urinary system tuberculosis, the gap between existing technology, clinical diagnosis of tuberculosis of urinary system, and the diagnosis of tuberculosis in nanotechnology/microfluidics and they can provide the future prospects for the diagnosis of urinary tuberculosis detection.