CAJ | 학술논문

西北师范大学校训“知术欲圆，行旨须直”是20世纪40年代黎锦熙先生为毕业生题词的两句，来源于先秦诸子《文子·徵明》中“智欲圆，行欲方”。《文子》中解释说：“智圆者，终始无端，方（旁）流四远，[如]渊泉而不竭也；行方者，直立而不挠，素白而不污，穷不易操，达不肆志也。”“智圆者，无不知也；行方者，有不为也。”《淮南子·主术》中也有上面所引文字，个别字句稍异。由此，我们可以对西北师大校训有一个明确的、确切的解说。黎先生题词在这两句之后还有“大漠孤烟，长河落日”，是引了王维的两句诗而分别省去末尾的“直”、“圆”二字，让人们在思考中加深对“知术欲圆，行旨须直”二句中“圆”、“直”两字含义的记忆与理解。黎先生之所以引录了王维这两句诗，也应反映了他在当时西北师院建校初期对周围环境的感受。
서북사범대학교훈“지술욕원，행지수직”시20세기40년대려금희선생위필업생제사적량구，래원우선진제자《문자·징명》중“지욕원，행욕방”。《문자》중해석설：“지원자，종시무단，방（방）류사원，[여]연천이불갈야；행방자，직립이불뇨，소백이불오，궁불역조，체불사지야。”“지원자，무불지야；행방자，유불위야。”《회남자·주술》중야유상면소인문자，개별자구초이。유차，아문가이대서북사대교훈유일개명학적、학절적해설。려선생제사재저량구지후환유“대막고연，장하락일”，시인료왕유적량구시이분별성거말미적“직”、“원”이자，양인문재사고중가심대“지술욕원，행지수직”이구중“원”、“직”량자함의적기억여리해。려선생지소이인록료왕유저량구시，야응반영료타재당시서북사원건교초기대주위배경적감수。
The motto of the Northwest Normal University “Be round in knowledge pursuing , be square in behavior” “are the two sentences from the inscriptions of Mr LI Jin‐xi for the university graduates in the 1940s . The origin of the two sentences can be traced back to “Be round in disposition , and be square in behavior” “from Wenzi · Zhengming in Pre‐Qin times . As is stated in Wenzi ,“Like a spring never drying up , those whopursue to know all around are not confined to any starting and finishing points , and can reach far ;those whobehave squarely are upright and indomitable , never changing their principles of behavior in poverty and never giving up the ambition in great success .” “Those whoare round in disposition know everything ;those who are square in behavior do not do everything” . These quotations also appear in Huainanzi · Zhushu with some minor changes in wording . We hereby provide a definite and exact interpretation of the motto of the Northwest Normal University .In the inscription of Mr LI Jin‐xi , these two sentences are followed by “lonely smoke in the desert , the setting sun reflected in the great river” , which was extracted from a poem of WANG Wei with the last word in each line omitted , respectively being “straight” “and “round” . By this , M r Li intended to let us enhance our memory and understanding of the connotations of the two words “round” “and “square” “in the motto “Be round in knowledge pursuing , be square in behavior” . Mr LI's quotation of the two lines in WANG Wei's poem also reflects his feelings about the surrounding environment in the early days of the Northwest Teachers'College .