CAJ | 학술논문

内蒙古查干淖尔湖是位于季风边缘区干旱与半干旱过渡带的封闭湖泊，对气候变化响应极为敏感．利用19582010年的查干淖尔湖21期遥感影像以及湖泊流域19552010年的3个气象站点和1个水文站点的气温、降水、蒸发和径流等数据，分析查干淖尔湖近50余年的湖泊水量、面积／水位波动及其原因．结果表明，近50年来在区域气候暖干化的背景下，查干淖尔湖不断萎缩，流域生态环境退化．19582010年湖泊容积以2×106m3／a的速度锐减66．9％（从124．1×106m3降到41．1×106m3），湖泊面积缩小73．3％（从105．3 km2降到28．1 km2），平均缩减速度为1．8 km2／a；流域年均气温上升了2．5℃，年降水量下降了36．6 mm．湖泊水量与流域气温和蒸发量显著负相关．查干淖尔湖分为东西两部分，中间由天然堤坝相连，东湖在水闸的人为控制下水位波动范围不超过1 m．西湖水位波动则相对剧烈，湖面下降7．6 m，于2002年彻底干涸，湖盆裸露，已成为盐尘暴、沙尘暴源地．
내몽고사간뇨이호시위우계풍변연구간한여반간한과도대적봉폐호박，대기후변화향응겁위민감．이용19582010년적사간뇨이호21기요감영상이급호박류역19552010년적3개기상참점화1개수문참점적기온、강수、증발화경류등수거，분석사간뇨이호근50여년적호박수량、면적／수위파동급기원인．결과표명，근50년래재구역기후난간화적배경하，사간뇨이호불단위축，류역생태배경퇴화．19582010년호박용적이2×106m3／a적속도예감66．9％（종124．1×106m3강도41．1×106m3），호박면적축소73．3％（종105．3 km2강도28．1 km2），평균축감속도위1．8 km2／a；류역년균기온상승료2．5℃，년강수량하강료36．6 mm．호박수량여류역기온화증발량현저부상관．사간뇨이호분위동서량부분，중간유천연제패상련，동호재수갑적인위공제하수위파동범위불초과1 m．서호수위파동칙상대극렬，호면하강7．6 m，우2002년철저간학，호분라로，이성위염진폭、사진폭원지．
Lake Qehan, an inland closed lake located in the arid and semi-arid area and the marginal belt of southeast monsoon in Inner Mongolia, is very sensitive to climatic change,but little work has been conducted in this lake.This study aimed to investigate the lake volume, area and level variation and identify the causes for the lake fluctuation during the past 50 years, based on 19 MSS/TM/ETM+images and two aerial photographs from 1958 to 2010 and the meteorological and hydrological data of three repre-sentative meteorological stations and one hydrological station around the lake basin from 1955 to 2010.The results showed that Lake Qehan has experienced severe shrink and environmental depravation over the recent 50 years, and human activities was not the main factors of lake shrunk ,but the increasingly warm and dry climate was the principal cause of the reduced lake area and vol-ume.The mean annual temperature increased 2.5℃ and the annual precipitation declined about 36.6 mm during 1955 2010. While the lake volume decreased 66.9% (from 124.1 ×106m3 to 41.1 ×106m3), by an average reduction rate of 2 ×106m3/a, the lake area reduced from 105.3 km2 in 1958 to 28.1 km2 in 2010 by an average reduction rate of 1.8 km2/a.The variation of lake volume was highly negatively correlated to temperature and evaporation , the correlation coefficients were -0.689 and-0.546,respectively.Lake Qehan has two parts, the west one and the east one, there was a significant lake-level decline in west lake by 7.6 m(from 1016.6 m to 1009 m a.s.l.), and it has dried up in 2002, and exposed extensive expanses of former lakebed and has created salty surface, which lead to saline dust storms.The ecological environment of the study area was getting much worse then.While under the control of the water gate, there was a relatively slight lake-level fluctuation in the east lake, just about 1 m.