湖泊科学
湖泊科學
호박과학
JOURNAL OF LAKE SCIENCES
2015年
1期
128-140
,共13页
赖格英%王鹏%黄小兰%熊家庆%刘影%曾峰海
賴格英%王鵬%黃小蘭%熊傢慶%劉影%曾峰海
뢰격영%왕붕%황소란%웅가경%류영%증봉해
鄱阳湖%水利枢纽工程%EFDC模型%水文水动力%数值模拟
鄱暘湖%水利樞紐工程%EFDC模型%水文水動力%數值模擬
파양호%수리추뉴공정%EFDC모형%수문수동력%수치모의
Lake Poyang%hydraulic project%EFDC model%hydrology and hydrodynamic%numerical simulation
水流情势变化是河湖生态系统演变最主要的驱动力,拟建的鄱阳湖水利枢纽工程对鄱阳湖水文水动力会产生何种影响是一个值得深入研究的问题.本研究基于 EFDC模型构建了鄱阳湖水动力的二维模型,并按照规划中的鄱阳湖水利枢纽工程调度方案,通过丰平枯典型年份的情景模拟,探讨了鄱阳湖水利枢纽工程运行调度方案对湖泊水文水动力的可能影响.模拟结果表明:不同情景年型鄱阳湖水利枢纽工程低枯水位生态调节期(12月1日至3月底4月初)中11 m控制水位对该时期湖泊平均水位的抬升程度明显,2010年(丰水年)11 m控制水位对枯水期湖泊平均水位的最大抬升为2.59 m,2000年(平水年)枯水期湖泊的平均水位最大抬升为2.68 m,而2004年(枯水年)枯水期湖泊的平均水位最大抬升为4.35 m.枯水期水位的抬升,使不同年型不同湖区的枯水期平均流速、最大流速和最小流速都有不同程度的减小,其中以入江河道为最,2000年和2010年枯水期平均流速降幅在44%以上,2004年(枯水年)枯水期的平均降速范围在50%以上,而对两大保护区的影响则较小.对流场格局的影响方面,主要表现在有枢纽时由于低枯水期的11 m水位控制,棠荫以北尤其是入江河道的流场与无枢纽时的流场表现出明显的不同;棠荫以南的湖区,当赣江中支和赣江南支的来水较大时,在棠荫附近及松门山以南的湖区会呈现出较大的水面.同时由于枯水期的水位抬升和流速减小,水利枢纽工程对湖泊换水周期的作用明显,不同年型的换水周期都受到不同程度的影响,2004年枢纽控水过程使控水期间的平均换水周期增加了5.6 d,影响程度达26.1%;模型模拟结果可以揭示在目前调度方案下,水利枢纽工程对鄱阳湖水文水动力的影响程度,为进一步定量分析鄱阳湖水利枢纽工程对湖泊水质和生态系统演化及其可能造成的影响提供必要的基础支撑.
水流情勢變化是河湖生態繫統縯變最主要的驅動力,擬建的鄱暘湖水利樞紐工程對鄱暘湖水文水動力會產生何種影響是一箇值得深入研究的問題.本研究基于 EFDC模型構建瞭鄱暘湖水動力的二維模型,併按照規劃中的鄱暘湖水利樞紐工程調度方案,通過豐平枯典型年份的情景模擬,探討瞭鄱暘湖水利樞紐工程運行調度方案對湖泊水文水動力的可能影響.模擬結果錶明:不同情景年型鄱暘湖水利樞紐工程低枯水位生態調節期(12月1日至3月底4月初)中11 m控製水位對該時期湖泊平均水位的抬升程度明顯,2010年(豐水年)11 m控製水位對枯水期湖泊平均水位的最大抬升為2.59 m,2000年(平水年)枯水期湖泊的平均水位最大抬升為2.68 m,而2004年(枯水年)枯水期湖泊的平均水位最大抬升為4.35 m.枯水期水位的抬升,使不同年型不同湖區的枯水期平均流速、最大流速和最小流速都有不同程度的減小,其中以入江河道為最,2000年和2010年枯水期平均流速降幅在44%以上,2004年(枯水年)枯水期的平均降速範圍在50%以上,而對兩大保護區的影響則較小.對流場格跼的影響方麵,主要錶現在有樞紐時由于低枯水期的11 m水位控製,棠蔭以北尤其是入江河道的流場與無樞紐時的流場錶現齣明顯的不同;棠蔭以南的湖區,噹贛江中支和贛江南支的來水較大時,在棠蔭附近及鬆門山以南的湖區會呈現齣較大的水麵.同時由于枯水期的水位抬升和流速減小,水利樞紐工程對湖泊換水週期的作用明顯,不同年型的換水週期都受到不同程度的影響,2004年樞紐控水過程使控水期間的平均換水週期增加瞭5.6 d,影響程度達26.1%;模型模擬結果可以揭示在目前調度方案下,水利樞紐工程對鄱暘湖水文水動力的影響程度,為進一步定量分析鄱暘湖水利樞紐工程對湖泊水質和生態繫統縯化及其可能造成的影響提供必要的基礎支撐.
수류정세변화시하호생태계통연변최주요적구동력,의건적파양호수리추뉴공정대파양호수문수동력회산생하충영향시일개치득심입연구적문제.본연구기우 EFDC모형구건료파양호수동력적이유모형,병안조규화중적파양호수리추뉴공정조도방안,통과봉평고전형년빈적정경모의,탐토료파양호수리추뉴공정운행조도방안대호박수문수동력적가능영향.모의결과표명:불동정경년형파양호수리추뉴공정저고수위생태조절기(12월1일지3월저4월초)중11 m공제수위대해시기호박평균수위적태승정도명현,2010년(봉수년)11 m공제수위대고수기호박평균수위적최대태승위2.59 m,2000년(평수년)고수기호박적평균수위최대태승위2.68 m,이2004년(고수년)고수기호박적평균수위최대태승위4.35 m.고수기수위적태승,사불동년형불동호구적고수기평균류속、최대류속화최소류속도유불동정도적감소,기중이입강하도위최,2000년화2010년고수기평균류속강폭재44%이상,2004년(고수년)고수기적평균강속범위재50%이상,이대량대보호구적영향칙교소.대류장격국적영향방면,주요표현재유추뉴시유우저고수기적11 m수위공제,당음이북우기시입강하도적류장여무추뉴시적류장표현출명현적불동;당음이남적호구,당공강중지화공강남지적래수교대시,재당음부근급송문산이남적호구회정현출교대적수면.동시유우고수기적수위태승화류속감소,수리추뉴공정대호박환수주기적작용명현,불동년형적환수주기도수도불동정도적영향,2004년추뉴공수과정사공수기간적평균환수주기증가료5.6 d,영향정도체26.1%;모형모의결과가이게시재목전조도방안하,수리추뉴공정대파양호수문수동력적영향정도,위진일보정량분석파양호수리추뉴공정대호박수질화생태계통연화급기가능조성적영향제공필요적기출지탱.
Flow regime change is the main dynamics to affect the lake ecological system evolution .It is worth studying that how the proposed Lake Poyang hydraulic project (PLPHP) will impact the hydrology and hydrodynamics of Lake Poyang.Based on the EFDC model, a two-dimensional model of Lake Poyang hydrodynamics is constructed .According to the planning water level regula-tion scheme of PLPHP, this research discusses the possible influence of PLPHP on hydrology and hydrodynamics of Lake Poyang using the method of scenario simulation ( including normal, dry and wet hydro-years) .The simulation result shows that the 11 m controlled water level in eco-adjustment period of low-water level (from Dec.1st to the end of Mar.or early Apr.) will effectively uplift the average water level of Lake Poyang in this period.The maximum uplift of average water level in the lake will be 2.59 m in wet hydro-year (2010), 4.35 m in dry hydro-year (2004), 2.68 m in normal hydro-year (2000),respectively.These uplifts of water level in eco-adjustment period of low-water level will lead to the different level decreases of average flow velocity , maximum flow velocity and minimum flow velocity of low-water level period in different hydro-year scenario.The maximum decrease of flow velocity is in the waterway of Lake Poyang into the Yangtze River ( which is located in Xingzi to Hukou ) , in which drop in average velocity is more than 44% in 2000 and 2010, 50% in 2004, but the effect of flow velocity on two natural reserves is small.As to the effect of flow pattern, the main result shows that because of the 11 m controlled water level with PLPHP scenario, the flow pat-tern is apparently different from that without PLPHP in the north of Tangyin , especially in the waterway of Lake Poyang into the Yangtze River.Furthermore, the region, in the vicinity of Tangyin and south of Songmenshan , will show larger water surface with more complex flow pattern when the volumes of flow in middle and south two branches of Ganjiang River are larger .Because of the uplift of water level and the drop of flow velocity , PLPHP has significant impact on water exchange cycle ( WEC ) of lake and WECs in different hydro-year scenarios are affected to varying degrees, the average WEC increasing by 5.6 d in 2004, the extent of impact being 26.1%.Therefore, the simulation results can reveal the impact extent of PLPHP on hydrology and hydrodynamics with the planning water-level regulation scheme , and provide some foundation at support to study the influence of PLPHP on water quality and ecological system evolution .