中国岩溶
中國巖溶
중국암용
CARSOLOGICA SINICA
2014年
3期
326-337
,共12页
聚落%红枫湖%空间格局%河流%道路%坡度
聚落%紅楓湖%空間格跼%河流%道路%坡度
취락%홍풍호%공간격국%하류%도로%파도
settlements%Hongfeng lake%spatial patterns%roads%river%gradient
研究流域聚落空间格局特征及其分布规律，可以为聚落优化与调控提供依据。文章以红枫湖流域2000年、2005年、2010年 3个时期的 TM 影像为主要数据，借助 Erdas8.5、Arcgis9.3等软件提取出红枫湖流域内聚落、旅游、道路及河流等用地，划分聚落等级，并利用聚落面积百分比图和密度图分析流域内聚落的空间分布特征，同时划分道路、河流缓冲区并利用等高线形成坡度图来探讨流域聚落分布和道路、河流及地形地貌的关系。研究结果表明，红枫湖流域的聚落斑块数量和面积在增加，数量由852个增加到2592个，面积由1204.3 ha 增加到4200 ha；聚落平均密度由0.44个/km2上升到1.33个/km2；聚落百分比值较大和密度值高的地区都是平坦的坝地，聚落面积和聚落密度的空间分布、变化基本一致，面积小的聚落在快速增长，增加的聚落主要由耕地转换而来；聚落扩展方式主要是分散扩展、带状扩展、块状扩展；聚落的空间形态主要有散点式、干枝式、规则式；道路对聚落分布的影响力越来越大，而河流对聚落分布的影响却在逐渐减弱；居民点面积随着坡度的增大而减少，且25°~80°地区的聚落面积增长率持续上升。
研究流域聚落空間格跼特徵及其分佈規律，可以為聚落優化與調控提供依據。文章以紅楓湖流域2000年、2005年、2010年 3箇時期的 TM 影像為主要數據，藉助 Erdas8.5、Arcgis9.3等軟件提取齣紅楓湖流域內聚落、旅遊、道路及河流等用地，劃分聚落等級，併利用聚落麵積百分比圖和密度圖分析流域內聚落的空間分佈特徵，同時劃分道路、河流緩遲區併利用等高線形成坡度圖來探討流域聚落分佈和道路、河流及地形地貌的關繫。研究結果錶明，紅楓湖流域的聚落斑塊數量和麵積在增加，數量由852箇增加到2592箇，麵積由1204.3 ha 增加到4200 ha；聚落平均密度由0.44箇/km2上升到1.33箇/km2；聚落百分比值較大和密度值高的地區都是平坦的壩地，聚落麵積和聚落密度的空間分佈、變化基本一緻，麵積小的聚落在快速增長，增加的聚落主要由耕地轉換而來；聚落擴展方式主要是分散擴展、帶狀擴展、塊狀擴展；聚落的空間形態主要有散點式、榦枝式、規則式；道路對聚落分佈的影響力越來越大，而河流對聚落分佈的影響卻在逐漸減弱；居民點麵積隨著坡度的增大而減少，且25°~80°地區的聚落麵積增長率持續上升。
연구류역취락공간격국특정급기분포규률，가이위취락우화여조공제공의거。문장이홍풍호류역2000년、2005년、2010년 3개시기적 TM 영상위주요수거，차조 Erdas8.5、Arcgis9.3등연건제취출홍풍호류역내취락、여유、도로급하류등용지，화분취락등급，병이용취락면적백분비도화밀도도분석류역내취락적공간분포특정，동시화분도로、하류완충구병이용등고선형성파도도래탐토류역취락분포화도로、하류급지형지모적관계。연구결과표명，홍풍호류역적취락반괴수량화면적재증가，수량유852개증가도2592개，면적유1204.3 ha 증가도4200 ha；취락평균밀도유0.44개/km2상승도1.33개/km2；취락백분비치교대화밀도치고적지구도시평탄적패지，취락면적화취락밀도적공간분포、변화기본일치，면적소적취락재쾌속증장，증가적취락주요유경지전환이래；취락확전방식주요시분산확전、대상확전、괴상확전；취락적공간형태주요유산점식、간지식、규칙식；도로대취락분포적영향력월래월대，이하류대취락분포적영향각재축점감약；거민점면적수착파도적증대이감소，차25°~80°지구적취락면적증장솔지속상승。
This study aims to explore the spatial patterns of settlements and the underlying regional rules in the Hongfeng lake watershed,the results of which would provide a scientific basis for settlement optimiza-tion and regulation.Based on the Thematic Mapper (TM)images of Hongfeng lake watershed in 2000,2005 and 2010,data for settlements,tourism-use areas,roads and rivers were extracted with the aid of Erdas8.5, ArcGIS9.3 software.The Hongfeng lake watershed was divided into a 1,000 m × 1,000 m grid with the percentage of settlements in each grid square calculated to determine settlement size-grade.The spatial dis-tribution of settlements was converted to density figures using the Kernel Density function in Spatial Analyst Tools,and road and river buffer areas were determined.The results showed that in the Hongfeng lake wa-tershed settlement numbers and area are rising (the number of settlement patches increased from 852 to 2,592,total area increased from 1,204.3 ha to 4,200 ha,and the average settlement density rose from 0.44/km2 to 1.33/km2 ).A high area percentage of settlements and high settlement density are found in flat areas. Changes in the spatial distribution of the area of settlements and the settlement density are generally consist-ent.Small settlement patches grow rapidly.Settlement growth is mainly from farmland.Settlement expan-sion mainly occurs in scattered,banded and massive extensions.The spatial forms of the settlements are mostly scattered points,branches,and rules.Roads have a significant influence on settlement distribution. However,the influence of rivers is gradually declining.The total area of residential zones tends to decrease with increases in slope,but increases with the rate of settlement in 25°-80°areas.
