CAJ | 학술논문

乌江流岩溶地貌发育,水土流失、石漠化问题均较突出,生态环境极其脆弱,为了了解乌江流域生态安全状况及存在问题,文章基于 RS 和 GIS 技术,在分析流域土地利用/覆盖变化和景观格局时空变化特征基础上,从自然环境、社会经济、景观生态3方面构建生态安全度评价指标体系,将熵权法与属性识别模型相耦合,对流域41个地区进行生态安全度评价。结果显示：2000年贵州省乌江流域生态安全度属于差、较差、中等、较好的面积分别为745.8 km2、15212.2 km2、40670.7 km2、9361.4 km2,所占比重分别为1.13%、23.05%、61.63%、14.19%；2010年属于差、较差、中等、较好所占面积分别为4330.5 km2、12254.1 km2、42804.0 km2、6591.4 km2,所占比重分别为6.58%、18.57%、64.86%、9.99%；2000年和2010年乌江流域均缺少生态安全等级为好的地区,而2010年较 2000年生态安全等级较差的地区面积增加,较好的面积却减少,表明流域生态环境整体呈恶化趋势；流域上游、中游地区较下游地区的生态安全状况偏差,生态本底脆弱、人地矛盾突出、水土流失、石漠化等是影响上游地区生态安全度的主要原因,中游地区受矿产资源开采及大城市人口聚集的影响,下游地区受水电资源过度开发影响。
오강류암용지모발육,수토류실、석막화문제균교돌출,생태배경겁기취약,위료료해오강류역생태안전상황급존재문제,문장기우 RS 화 GIS 기술,재분석류역토지이용/복개변화화경관격국시공변화특정기출상,종자연배경、사회경제、경관생태3방면구건생태안전도평개지표체계,장적권법여속성식별모형상우합,대류역41개지구진행생태안전도평개。결과현시：2000년귀주성오강류역생태안전도속우차、교차、중등、교호적면적분별위745.8 km2、15212.2 km2、40670.7 km2、9361.4 km2,소점비중분별위1.13%、23.05%、61.63%、14.19%；2010년속우차、교차、중등、교호소점면적분별위4330.5 km2、12254.1 km2、42804.0 km2、6591.4 km2,소점비중분별위6.58%、18.57%、64.86%、9.99%；2000년화2010년오강류역균결소생태안전등급위호적지구,이2010년 교 2000년생태안전등급교차적지구면적증가,교호적면적각감소,표명류역생태배경정체정악화추세；류역상유、중유지구교하유지구적생태안전상황편차,생태본저취약、인지모순돌출、수토류실、석막화등시영향상유지구생태안전도적주요원인,중유지구수광산자원개채급대성시인구취집적영향,하유지구수수전자원과도개발영향。
To understand the situation and existing environmental protection problems,and to promote coor-dinated development of the Wujiang river basin economy and ecological construction,the environmental eco-logical safety of the Wujiang river basin is evaluated in this paper.Applying the RS and GIS techniques,on basis of analyzing the changes of watershed land use and the space-time changes of landscape pattern,an as-sessment system for ecological security is builded by natural environment,economy and landscape ecology. And with this assessment system,integrating entropy method with attribute identification model,the ecologi-cal security of 41 regions of the watershed are assessed.The evaluation results are divided into five catego-ries:good,moderately-good,medium,moderately-bad and bad.The results indicate that:in 2000 the Wu-jiang river basin had 745.8 km2 (1.13%)of bad,15,212.2 km2 (23.05%)of moderately-bad,40,670.7 km2 (61.63%)of medium,and 9,361.4 km2 (14.1 9%)of moderately-good conditions.It is noted that there are some differences between the results for 2000 and those for 2010.In 2010,the Wujiang river basin had 4,330.5km2 (6.58%)of bad,12,254.1 km2 (18.57%)of moderately-bad,42,804.0 km2 (64.86%)of medi-um and 6,591.4 km2 (9.99%)of moderately-good conditions.No good conditions occurred in the Wujiang river basin in 2000 and 2010.However,compared with 2000,the moderately-bad area increased in 2010,and the moderately-good area decreased,indicating that ecological environment is facing a negative trend.The ecological security situation in the upper and the middle catchment is poorer than that in the lower catchment of the Wujiang river basin.In the lower catchment,the problem of hydropower resources over-exploitation is very serious,while in the middle catchment,mining of mineral resources and high population density in big cities play significant roles in ecological security.In the upper catchment,the main problems which affect ec-ological security include the fragility of the ecological environment,the serious contradiction between people and land,and the problems of soil and water loss and rocky desertification.In summary,the ecological secu-rity in the karst area is very fragile,and unreasonable development and utilization of natural resources and the environment leads to deterioration of the ecological environment.In order to ensure sustainable develop-ment of the natural and social economy in the Wujiang river basin,it is suggested that the protection of eco-system,ecological reconstruction,and the systematic research on ecological restoration be strengthened.