生态与农村环境学报
生態與農村環境學報
생태여농촌배경학보
JOURNAL OF ECOLOGY AND RURAL ENVIRONMENT
2015年
1期
59-68
,共10页
李艳利%李艳粉%徐宗学%关中美
李豔利%李豔粉%徐宗學%關中美
리염리%리염분%서종학%관중미
景观格局%空间尺度%水质%河岸缓冲区%浑太河流域
景觀格跼%空間呎度%水質%河岸緩遲區%渾太河流域
경관격국%공간척도%수질%하안완충구%혼태하류역
landscape pattern%space scale%water quality%riparian buffer zone%Huntai River basin
以浑太河上游流域31个采样点上游水系为中心，生成5种尺度的河岸缓冲区，采用Fragstats软件计算类型水平和景观水平上的8个景观指数。分别从景观数量组成和景观空间格局2个方面，采用空间分析、相关分析和冗余分析等方法，识别不同宽度河岸缓冲区景观格局与水质的相关关系。结果表明：景观格局在不同宽度缓冲区内对河流水质具有不同的效应。300 m宽度河岸缓冲区景观格局具有最大的水质空间分异解释能力，可解释48?5％的水质变异。对于50和100 m宽度河岸缓冲区，景观数量组成指标较景观空间格局指标对水质空间分异的解释能力强，景观数量组成指标分别解释水质空间分异的16％和18％，景观空间格局指标分别解释水质空间分异的11％和6％。其中，旱地的解释能力最强，分别为13％和12％，因为≤100 m宽度河岸缓冲区内旱地是优势景观类型。对于300、500和1000 m宽度河岸缓冲区，景观空间格局指标较景观数量组成指标对水质空间分异的解释能力强，景观空间格局指标可分别解释水质空间分异的25％、20％和23％，景观数量组成指标分别解释水质空间分异的10％、11?3％和14?3％。当缓冲区宽度≥300 m时，景观空间格局指标对水质的解释能力随缓冲区宽度的增加而逐渐增强，解释能力显著的景观空间格局指标包括景观尺度上的斑块密度、蔓延度指数、多样性指数和均匀性指数以及类型水平上的林地破碎度指数。
以渾太河上遊流域31箇採樣點上遊水繫為中心，生成5種呎度的河岸緩遲區，採用Fragstats軟件計算類型水平和景觀水平上的8箇景觀指數。分彆從景觀數量組成和景觀空間格跼2箇方麵，採用空間分析、相關分析和冗餘分析等方法，識彆不同寬度河岸緩遲區景觀格跼與水質的相關關繫。結果錶明：景觀格跼在不同寬度緩遲區內對河流水質具有不同的效應。300 m寬度河岸緩遲區景觀格跼具有最大的水質空間分異解釋能力，可解釋48?5％的水質變異。對于50和100 m寬度河岸緩遲區，景觀數量組成指標較景觀空間格跼指標對水質空間分異的解釋能力彊，景觀數量組成指標分彆解釋水質空間分異的16％和18％，景觀空間格跼指標分彆解釋水質空間分異的11％和6％。其中，旱地的解釋能力最彊，分彆為13％和12％，因為≤100 m寬度河岸緩遲區內旱地是優勢景觀類型。對于300、500和1000 m寬度河岸緩遲區，景觀空間格跼指標較景觀數量組成指標對水質空間分異的解釋能力彊，景觀空間格跼指標可分彆解釋水質空間分異的25％、20％和23％，景觀數量組成指標分彆解釋水質空間分異的10％、11?3％和14?3％。噹緩遲區寬度≥300 m時，景觀空間格跼指標對水質的解釋能力隨緩遲區寬度的增加而逐漸增彊，解釋能力顯著的景觀空間格跼指標包括景觀呎度上的斑塊密度、蔓延度指數、多樣性指數和均勻性指數以及類型水平上的林地破碎度指數。
이혼태하상유류역31개채양점상유수계위중심，생성5충척도적하안완충구，채용Fragstats연건계산류형수평화경관수평상적8개경관지수。분별종경관수량조성화경관공간격국2개방면，채용공간분석、상관분석화용여분석등방법，식별불동관도하안완충구경관격국여수질적상관관계。결과표명：경관격국재불동관도완충구내대하류수질구유불동적효응。300 m관도하안완충구경관격국구유최대적수질공간분이해석능력，가해석48?5％적수질변이。대우50화100 m관도하안완충구，경관수량조성지표교경관공간격국지표대수질공간분이적해석능력강，경관수량조성지표분별해석수질공간분이적16％화18％，경관공간격국지표분별해석수질공간분이적11％화6％。기중，한지적해석능력최강，분별위13％화12％，인위≤100 m관도하안완충구내한지시우세경관류형。대우300、500화1000 m관도하안완충구，경관공간격국지표교경관수량조성지표대수질공간분이적해석능력강，경관공간격국지표가분별해석수질공간분이적25％、20％화23％，경관수량조성지표분별해석수질공간분이적10％、11?3％화14?3％。당완충구관도≥300 m시，경관공간격국지표대수질적해석능력수완충구관도적증가이축점증강，해석능력현저적경관공간격국지표포괄경관척도상적반괴밀도、만연도지수、다양성지수화균균성지수이급류형수평상적임지파쇄도지수。
Out of the upper reaches water system of the Huntai River, encompassing 31 water quality monitoring stations, riparian buffer zones of 5 different scales were delineated with ArcGIS, and 8 landscape indices of the buffer zones at the type and landscape levels were calculated using the FRACSTATS software. Spatial analysis, correlation analysis and redun?dancy analysis were performed to define relationships of landscape patterns of the riparian buffer zones different in width with water quality from the aspects of number of landscapes in composition and space pattern of the landscape. Results show that the impact of a landscape pattern on water quality varied with the width of the riparian buffer zone. Landscape pattern of a riparian buffer zone 300 m in width can well explain 48?5% of the variation of water quality. In riparian buffer zones 50 and 100 m in width, the landscape number composition indices could better explain spatial variation of water quality than the landscape space pattern indices, and the former could explain 16% and 18% of the variation of water qual?ity, while the latter could do 11% and 6%, and up to 13% and 12% in the case of upland field, because upland field was the dominant landscape in riparian buffer zones ≤100 m in width. However, in riparian buffer zones, 300, 500 or 1 000 m in width, things went reversely, with the latter exceeding the former in explaining the variation of water quality. The lat?ter could explain 25%, 20% and 23%, while the former 10%, 11?3% and 14?3%. While width of the riparian buffer zone was ≥300 m, the impacts of landscape space pattern indices on water quality increased with width of the riparian buffer zone. Dominant landscape space pattern indices include PD, CONTAG, SHDI and SHEI at landscape level, and forest fragmentation at the type level.
