植物资源与环境学报
植物資源與環境學報
식물자원여배경학보
JOURNAL OF PLANT RESOURCES AND ENVIRONMENT
2014年
4期
90-98
,共9页
厚叶石斑木%群落特征%物种组成%表型性状%物种多样性%群落相似性
厚葉石斑木%群落特徵%物種組成%錶型性狀%物種多樣性%群落相似性
후협석반목%군락특정%물충조성%표형성상%물충다양성%군락상사성
Rhaphiolepis umbellata(Thunb.) Makino%community characteristics%species composition%phenotypic trait%species diversity%community similarity
对浙江省9个厚叶石斑木[ Rhaphiolepis umbellata ( Thunb.) Makino]天然群落的物种组成、表型性状、物种多样性和群落相似性进行了调查分析。结果表明：浙江省厚叶石斑木天然群落的物种数量相对较少,共有维管植物39科58属63种；生活型以常绿木本为主,1年生和2年生草本所占比例最小；优势科包括山茶科( Theaceae)、禾本科( Gramineae)、百合科( Liliaceae)、菊科( Compositae)和蔷薇科( Rosaceae),优势属包括柃木属( Eurya Thunb.)、芒属( Miscanthus Anderss.)、石斑木属( Rhaphiolepis Lindl.)、山菅属( Dianella Lam.)和海桐花属( Pittosporum Banks)。根据灌木层优势种的重要值,9个厚叶石斑木天然群落可分为8个类型：滨柃[ Eurya emarginata ( Thunb.) Makino]灌丛、厚叶石斑木+檵木[ Loropetalum chinense ( R. Br.) Oliv.]灌丛、厚叶石斑木+海桐[ Pittosporum tobira ( Thunb.) Ait.]灌丛、滨柃+赤楠( Syzygium buxifolium Hook. et Arn.)灌丛、厚叶石斑木灌丛、厚叶石斑木+大叶胡颓子( Elaeagnus macrophylla Thunb.)灌丛、海桐灌丛和厚叶石斑木+滨柃灌丛。9个群落中,厚叶石斑木的叶片、果实和种子等表型性状变异丰富,叶长、叶宽、叶片长宽比、单果鲜质量和种子鲜质量分别为3.58~5.70 cm、1.38~3.01 cm、2.11~2.43、0.19~0.60 g和0.09~0.30 g,变异系数的均值分别为12.7%、17.5%、12.4%、24.4%和31.8%；灌木层和草本层的物种丰富度、Simpson指数、Shannon-Wiener指数和Pielou均匀度指数最高的群落分别是位于普陀区元山岛的群落Ⅲ和位于玉环县大鹿岛的群落Ⅶ。在各群落中,灌木层的物种丰富度和Shannon-Wiener指数总体上大于草本层,Simpson指数无明显规律性,草本层的Pielou均匀度指数大于灌木层。不同群落间植物种类变化明显,9个群落的相似性系数为0.160~0.625。研究结果表明：浙江省厚叶石斑木天然群落遗传多样性丰富。
對浙江省9箇厚葉石斑木[ Rhaphiolepis umbellata ( Thunb.) Makino]天然群落的物種組成、錶型性狀、物種多樣性和群落相似性進行瞭調查分析。結果錶明：浙江省厚葉石斑木天然群落的物種數量相對較少,共有維管植物39科58屬63種；生活型以常綠木本為主,1年生和2年生草本所佔比例最小；優勢科包括山茶科( Theaceae)、禾本科( Gramineae)、百閤科( Liliaceae)、菊科( Compositae)和薔薇科( Rosaceae),優勢屬包括柃木屬( Eurya Thunb.)、芒屬( Miscanthus Anderss.)、石斑木屬( Rhaphiolepis Lindl.)、山菅屬( Dianella Lam.)和海桐花屬( Pittosporum Banks)。根據灌木層優勢種的重要值,9箇厚葉石斑木天然群落可分為8箇類型：濱柃[ Eurya emarginata ( Thunb.) Makino]灌叢、厚葉石斑木+檵木[ Loropetalum chinense ( R. Br.) Oliv.]灌叢、厚葉石斑木+海桐[ Pittosporum tobira ( Thunb.) Ait.]灌叢、濱柃+赤楠( Syzygium buxifolium Hook. et Arn.)灌叢、厚葉石斑木灌叢、厚葉石斑木+大葉鬍頹子( Elaeagnus macrophylla Thunb.)灌叢、海桐灌叢和厚葉石斑木+濱柃灌叢。9箇群落中,厚葉石斑木的葉片、果實和種子等錶型性狀變異豐富,葉長、葉寬、葉片長寬比、單果鮮質量和種子鮮質量分彆為3.58~5.70 cm、1.38~3.01 cm、2.11~2.43、0.19~0.60 g和0.09~0.30 g,變異繫數的均值分彆為12.7%、17.5%、12.4%、24.4%和31.8%；灌木層和草本層的物種豐富度、Simpson指數、Shannon-Wiener指數和Pielou均勻度指數最高的群落分彆是位于普陀區元山島的群落Ⅲ和位于玉環縣大鹿島的群落Ⅶ。在各群落中,灌木層的物種豐富度和Shannon-Wiener指數總體上大于草本層,Simpson指數無明顯規律性,草本層的Pielou均勻度指數大于灌木層。不同群落間植物種類變化明顯,9箇群落的相似性繫數為0.160~0.625。研究結果錶明：浙江省厚葉石斑木天然群落遺傳多樣性豐富。
대절강성9개후협석반목[ Rhaphiolepis umbellata ( Thunb.) Makino]천연군락적물충조성、표형성상、물충다양성화군락상사성진행료조사분석。결과표명：절강성후협석반목천연군락적물충수량상대교소,공유유관식물39과58속63충；생활형이상록목본위주,1년생화2년생초본소점비례최소；우세과포괄산다과( Theaceae)、화본과( Gramineae)、백합과( Liliaceae)、국과( Compositae)화장미과( Rosaceae),우세속포괄령목속( Eurya Thunb.)、망속( Miscanthus Anderss.)、석반목속( Rhaphiolepis Lindl.)、산관속( Dianella Lam.)화해동화속( Pittosporum Banks)。근거관목층우세충적중요치,9개후협석반목천연군락가분위8개류형：빈령[ Eurya emarginata ( Thunb.) Makino]관총、후협석반목+계목[ Loropetalum chinense ( R. Br.) Oliv.]관총、후협석반목+해동[ Pittosporum tobira ( Thunb.) Ait.]관총、빈령+적남( Syzygium buxifolium Hook. et Arn.)관총、후협석반목관총、후협석반목+대협호퇴자( Elaeagnus macrophylla Thunb.)관총、해동관총화후협석반목+빈령관총。9개군락중,후협석반목적협편、과실화충자등표형성상변이봉부,협장、협관、협편장관비、단과선질량화충자선질량분별위3.58~5.70 cm、1.38~3.01 cm、2.11~2.43、0.19~0.60 g화0.09~0.30 g,변이계수적균치분별위12.7%、17.5%、12.4%、24.4%화31.8%；관목층화초본층적물충봉부도、Simpson지수、Shannon-Wiener지수화Pielou균균도지수최고적군락분별시위우보타구원산도적군락Ⅲ화위우옥배현대록도적군락Ⅶ。재각군락중,관목층적물충봉부도화Shannon-Wiener지수총체상대우초본층,Simpson지수무명현규률성,초본층적Pielou균균도지수대우관목층。불동군락간식물충류변화명현,9개군락적상사성계수위0.160~0.625。연구결과표명：절강성후협석반목천연군락유전다양성봉부。
Species composition, phenotypic trait, species diversity and community similarity of nine natural communities of Rhaphiolepis umbellata ( Thunb.) Makino in Zhejiang Province were investigated and analyzed. The results show that species number in R. umbellata natural community of Zhejiang Province is relatively less, and there are vascular plants of 63 species in 58 genera belonging to 39 families, in which, the major life form is evergreen woody plant, while the proportion of annual and biennial herbs is the minimum. The dominant families are Theaceae, Gramineae, Liliaceae, Compositae and Rosaceae, and the dominant genera are Eurya Thunb., Miscanthus Anderss., Rhaphiolepis Lindl., Dianella Lam. and Pittosporum Banks. According to important value of dominant species in shrub layer, nine natural communities of R. umbellata can be divided into eight types, which are scrub of Eurya emarginata ( Thunb.) Makino, scrub of R. umbellata+Loropetalum chinense ( R. Br.) Oliv., scrub of R. umbellata+Pittosporum tobira ( Thunb.) Ait., scrub of E. emarginata+Syzygium buxifolium Hook. et Arn., scrub of R. umbellata, scrub of R. umbellata+Elaeagnus macrophylla Thunb., scrub of P. tobira and scrub of R. umbellata+E. emarginata. There is rich variation in phenotypic traits of leaf, fruit and seed of R. umbellata in nine communities. Leaf length, leaf width, ratio of leaf length to leaf width and fresh weights of single fruit and seed is 3. 58-5. 70 cm, 1. 38-3. 01 cm, 2. 11-2. 43, 0. 19-0. 60 g and 0. 09-0. 30 g, and average of coefficient of variation is 12. 7%, 17. 5%, 12. 4%, 24. 4% and 31. 8%, respectively. In nine communities, species richness, Simpson index, Shannon-Wiener index and Pielou evenness index of shrub and herb layers in community Ⅲ ( Yuanshan Island of Putuo District ) and community Ⅶ ( Dalu Island of Yuhuan County ) are the highest, respectively. Generally, species richness and Shannon-Wiener index of shrub layer in all communities are higher than those of herb layer, and Simpson index has no obvious regularity, while Pielou evenness index of herb layer is higher than that of shrub layer. Species change obviously among different communities, and similarity coefficient of nine communities is 0. 160-0. 625. It is suggested that there are rich genetic diversity in R. umbellata natural community of Zhejiang Province.
