植物资源与环境学报
植物資源與環境學報
식물자원여배경학보
JOURNAL OF PLANT RESOURCES AND ENVIRONMENT
2014年
4期
83-89
,共7页
王延秀%陈佰鸿%王淑华%胡紫璟%魏晓燕%党兆霞
王延秀%陳佰鴻%王淑華%鬍紫璟%魏曉燕%黨兆霞
왕연수%진백홍%왕숙화%호자경%위효연%당조하
海棠%‘长富2号’苹果%花粉直感效应%因子分析%综合评价
海棠%‘長富2號’蘋果%花粉直感效應%因子分析%綜閤評價
해당%‘장부2호’평과%화분직감효응%인자분석%종합평개
Malus spp.%Malus pumila‘Changfu 2’%pollen xenia effect%factor analysis%comprehensive evaluation
以11个海棠(Malus spp.)品种的花粉为材料、‘新红星’苹果(Malus pumila ‘Starkrimson’)花粉为对照,对‘长富2号’苹果(M. pumila ‘Changfu 2’)进行人工授粉并测定其坐果率及14个果实品质指标；在此基础上,采用因子分析法确定影响苹果授粉后花粉直感效应评价的主要因子,并对供试海棠品种的花粉直感效应进行综合评价和排序。结果表明：除海棠品种‘雪倩’(‘Xueqian’)外,用其他海棠品种授粉后‘长富2号’苹果的坐果率均显著提高,其中用品种‘红波’(‘Hongbo’)授粉后‘长富2号’苹果的坐果率最高(达86.18%)；经11个海棠品种授粉后‘长富2号’苹果的坐果率以及果实的果形指数、单果质量和可滴定酸含量均高于对照(用‘新红星’苹果授粉)；经大部分海棠品种授粉后‘长富2号’苹果果实的果棱数、果梗存留率、梗洼深度、梗洼开裂率、VC含量和花青苷含量也均高于对照,但果实的着色面积百分率、果肉硬度、可溶性固形物含量、可溶性糖含量及糖酸比则低于对照。因子分析结果表明：前7个公因子的特征值均大于1,累计方差贡献率达88.187%,按照在授粉性能质量评价中的作用从大到小依次排序为果实甜度因子(包括可溶性固形物含量和可溶性糖含量)、果实酸度因子(包括可滴定酸含量和糖酸比)、果个与果形因子(包括单果质量、梗洼深度和果形指数)、果梗因子(包括梗洼开裂率和果梗存留率)、果肉硬度因子、保健与外形因子(包括花青苷含量、VC含量、果棱数和着色面积百分率)及坐果率因子。综合评价结果表明：在供试的11个海棠品种中,仅品种‘红艳’(‘Hongyan ’)、‘红亮’(‘Hongliang ’)和‘红纱’(‘Hongsha’)的花粉直感效应综合得分高于‘新红星’苹果,表明这3个海棠品种的花粉直感效应优良,可作为‘长富2号’苹果的授粉树。
以11箇海棠(Malus spp.)品種的花粉為材料、‘新紅星’蘋果(Malus pumila ‘Starkrimson’)花粉為對照,對‘長富2號’蘋果(M. pumila ‘Changfu 2’)進行人工授粉併測定其坐果率及14箇果實品質指標；在此基礎上,採用因子分析法確定影響蘋果授粉後花粉直感效應評價的主要因子,併對供試海棠品種的花粉直感效應進行綜閤評價和排序。結果錶明：除海棠品種‘雪倩’(‘Xueqian’)外,用其他海棠品種授粉後‘長富2號’蘋果的坐果率均顯著提高,其中用品種‘紅波’(‘Hongbo’)授粉後‘長富2號’蘋果的坐果率最高(達86.18%)；經11箇海棠品種授粉後‘長富2號’蘋果的坐果率以及果實的果形指數、單果質量和可滴定痠含量均高于對照(用‘新紅星’蘋果授粉)；經大部分海棠品種授粉後‘長富2號’蘋果果實的果稜數、果梗存留率、梗窪深度、梗窪開裂率、VC含量和花青苷含量也均高于對照,但果實的著色麵積百分率、果肉硬度、可溶性固形物含量、可溶性糖含量及糖痠比則低于對照。因子分析結果錶明：前7箇公因子的特徵值均大于1,纍計方差貢獻率達88.187%,按照在授粉性能質量評價中的作用從大到小依次排序為果實甜度因子(包括可溶性固形物含量和可溶性糖含量)、果實痠度因子(包括可滴定痠含量和糖痠比)、果箇與果形因子(包括單果質量、梗窪深度和果形指數)、果梗因子(包括梗窪開裂率和果梗存留率)、果肉硬度因子、保健與外形因子(包括花青苷含量、VC含量、果稜數和著色麵積百分率)及坐果率因子。綜閤評價結果錶明：在供試的11箇海棠品種中,僅品種‘紅豔’(‘Hongyan ’)、‘紅亮’(‘Hongliang ’)和‘紅紗’(‘Hongsha’)的花粉直感效應綜閤得分高于‘新紅星’蘋果,錶明這3箇海棠品種的花粉直感效應優良,可作為‘長富2號’蘋果的授粉樹。
이11개해당(Malus spp.)품충적화분위재료、‘신홍성’평과(Malus pumila ‘Starkrimson’)화분위대조,대‘장부2호’평과(M. pumila ‘Changfu 2’)진행인공수분병측정기좌과솔급14개과실품질지표；재차기출상,채용인자분석법학정영향평과수분후화분직감효응평개적주요인자,병대공시해당품충적화분직감효응진행종합평개화배서。결과표명：제해당품충‘설천’(‘Xueqian’)외,용기타해당품충수분후‘장부2호’평과적좌과솔균현저제고,기중용품충‘홍파’(‘Hongbo’)수분후‘장부2호’평과적좌과솔최고(체86.18%)；경11개해당품충수분후‘장부2호’평과적좌과솔이급과실적과형지수、단과질량화가적정산함량균고우대조(용‘신홍성’평과수분)；경대부분해당품충수분후‘장부2호’평과과실적과릉수、과경존류솔、경와심도、경와개렬솔、VC함량화화청감함량야균고우대조,단과실적착색면적백분솔、과육경도、가용성고형물함량、가용성당함량급당산비칙저우대조。인자분석결과표명：전7개공인자적특정치균대우1,루계방차공헌솔체88.187%,안조재수분성능질량평개중적작용종대도소의차배서위과실첨도인자(포괄가용성고형물함량화가용성당함량)、과실산도인자(포괄가적정산함량화당산비)、과개여과형인자(포괄단과질량、경와심도화과형지수)、과경인자(포괄경와개렬솔화과경존류솔)、과육경도인자、보건여외형인자(포괄화청감함량、VC함량、과릉수화착색면적백분솔)급좌과솔인자。종합평개결과표명：재공시적11개해당품충중,부품충‘홍염’(‘Hongyan ’)、‘홍량’(‘Hongliang ’)화‘홍사’(‘Hongsha’)적화분직감효응종합득분고우‘신홍성’평과,표명저3개해당품충적화분직감효응우량,가작위‘장부2호’평과적수분수。
Taking pollen of eleven cultivars of Malus spp. as materials and pollen of Malus pumila‘Starkrimson’ as the control, M. pumila‘Changfu 2’ was pollinated artificially and its fruit setting rate and fourteen fruit quality indexes were measured. On this basis, main factors affecting pollen xenia effect of M. pumila pollinated were confirmed by factor analysis method, and pollen xenia effect of cultivars of Malus spp. tested was comprehensively evaluated and ordered. The results show that except cultivar‘Xueqian’ , fruit setting rate of M. pumila ‘Changfu 2 ’ pollinated by other cultivars of Malus spp. increases significantly, in which, that pollinated by cultivar‘Hongbo’ is the highest with a percentage of 86. 18%. After pollinated by eleven cultivars of Malus spp., fruit setting rate, fruit shape index, weight per fruit and titratable acid content of M. pumila ‘Changfu 2 ’ all are higher than those of the control ( pollinated by M. pumila ‘Starkrimson’ ) . After pollinated by most cultivars of Malus spp., number of fruit rib, retention rate of fruit rib, depth of stalk cavity, cracking rate of stalk cavity and contents of VC and anthocyanin of M. pumila ‘Changfu 2 ’ are also higher than those of the control, but fruit coloring area percentage, flesh firmness, soluble solid content, soluble sugar content and ratio of soluble sugar content to titratable acid content are lower than those of the control. The result of factor analysis shows that eigenvalue of the first seven common factors is higher than 1 , their accumulative variance contribution rate is 88. 187%. According to function in evaluation of pollination quality, the order from big to small is fruit sweet factor ( including contents of soluble solid and soluble sugar ) , fruit acidity factor ( including titratable acid content and ratio of soluble sugar content to titratable acid content ) , fruit size and fruit shape factor ( including weight per fruit, depth of stalk cavity and fruit shape index) , fruit rib factor ( including cracking rate of stalk cavity and retention rate of fruit rib ) , flesh firmness factor, health and appearance factor ( including anthocyanin content, VC content, number of fruit rib and percentage of coloring area) and fruit setting rate factor. The comprehensive evaluation result shows that among eleven cultivars of Malus spp. tested, comprehensive score of pollen xenia effect of only cultivars‘Hongyan’,‘Hongliang’ and ‘Hongsha’ is higher than that of M. pumila ‘Starkrimson’, indicating that pollen xenia effect of these three cultivars of Malus spp. is excellent, and they can be used as pollinizer of M. pumila ‘Changfu 2’.
