CAJ | 학술논문

刑事司法实践中，实务界依我国《刑事诉讼法》第50条与第52条的规定，采取证主体合法性理论。依据取证主体合法性理论，只有国家公权力机关有权进行刑事取证，有权取证的主体并不包括被告人、被害人等私人主体，并据此认定私人取得的证据因主体不合法而不具备证据的合法性，因此没有证据能力，此类证据在刑事诉讼中是不可采的。域外法治国家的刑事司法中通常对私人取证进行明确的法律规定，对实践中存在的私人取证予以合法化，这就使得我们不得不对私人取证进行价值分析，对其背后的价值冲突、合理性与必要性进行分析。
형사사법실천중，실무계의아국《형사소송법》제50조여제52조적규정，채취증주체합법성이론。의거취증주체합법성이론，지유국가공권력궤관유권진행형사취증，유권취증적주체병불포괄피고인、피해인등사인주체，병거차인정사인취득적증거인주체불합법이불구비증거적합법성，인차몰유증거능력，차류증거재형사소송중시불가채적。역외법치국가적형사사법중통상대사인취증진행명학적법률규정，대실천중존재적사인취증여이합법화，저취사득아문불득불대사인취증진행개치분석，대기배후적개치충돌、합이성여필요성진행분석。
In criminal judicial practice,the theory of the legitimacy of the subject of obtaining evidence has been a-dopted practically in accordance with Article 50 and Article 52 of the criminal procedure Law of PRC. According to the theory of the legitimacy of the subjects of obtaining evidence,the subjects that have the right to obtain evidence only include national public powers,excluding private subjects such as the defendants and the victims. It is further acknowledged that evidences acquired by private individuals cannot be adopted because of its illegitimacy due to the unlawful subjects. However,private forensics in criminal justice is usually explicitly stipulated in foreign countries which are under the rule of law,legitimizing the private forensics existing in practice. That makes us analyze the conflict of values,reasonableness and necessity of private forensics.