CAJ | 학술논문

研究集装箱码头集卡拥堵收费问题，目的是减少集卡排队等待时间，以及由集卡排队引起的污染排放。为确定最优的拥堵费率，建立了集卡拥堵收费的双层规划模型。模型考虑了码头运营商、集卡司机和政府管理者之间的博弈关系。在上层模型中，码头运营商以总排队费用最低为目标；下层是用户均衡模型，集卡司机以广义费用最低为目标选择到达时段，通过上下层模型间的反馈决定最优的拥堵收费方案。为求解模型，设计基于文化基因启发式(MH )算法和逐点固定流体近似(PSFFA)算法的求解方法，利用 MH 算法搜索最优收费方案，利用PSFFA算法计算排队时间。最后，应用算例对模型和算法的有效性进行验证。结果表明，拥堵收费可以有效地减少集卡排队时间，所设计的模型考虑了集卡收费的影响因素，以及码头运营商和集卡司机等主体之间的利益关系，为缓解码头集卡拥堵提供了一种有效的方法。
연구집장상마두집잡옹도수비문제，목적시감소집잡배대등대시간，이급유집잡배대인기적오염배방。위학정최우적옹도비솔，건립료집잡옹도수비적쌍층규화모형。모형고필료마두운영상、집잡사궤화정부관리자지간적박혁관계。재상층모형중，마두운영상이총배대비용최저위목표；하층시용호균형모형，집잡사궤이엄의비용최저위목표선택도체시단，통과상하층모형간적반궤결정최우적옹도수비방안。위구해모형，설계기우문화기인계발식(MH )산법화축점고정류체근사(PSFFA)산법적구해방법，이용 MH 산법수색최우수비방안，이용PSFFA산법계산배대시간。최후，응용산례대모형화산법적유효성진행험증。결과표명，옹도수비가이유효지감소집잡배대시간，소설계적모형고필료집잡수비적영향인소，이급마두운영상화집잡사궤등주체지간적이익관계，위완해마두집잡옹도제공료일충유효적방법。
The issue of modeling truck congestion toll at container terminals is addressed to decrease the truck queuing and ease related air pollution.A bi-level programming model is developed to determine the optimal congestion toll rates. In the model, the game relationship of terminals operators,truckers and government regulators is considered.The upper level model is to minimize the total cost caused by truck queuing for terminals operators.And the lower level is user equilibrium model,in which each truck driver determines its arrival time to minimize the generalized cost. According to the feedback between upper-level and lower-level model,the optimal congestion toll strategy is determined.To solve the problem of this model,a method based on memetic heuristic (MH)algorithm and pointwise stationary fluid flow approximation (PSFFA)algorithm is designed. MH algorithm is used to search the optimal toll rates and PSFFA algorithm is applied to calculation of the truck queuing time.Finally,numerical experiments are provided to illustrate the validity of the model and algorithm.Calculation results indicate that congestion toll can decrease truck's queuing time effectively.The developed congestion toll model considers the toll influencing factors,and the benefit relationship of truckers and terminal operators.It provides an efficient method to alleviate the truck congestion.