CAJ | 학술논문

发展电动汽车是减少对石油的依赖以及解决环境污染的有效途径。但是，大规模电动汽车无序充电会严重影响电网的稳定性，主要表现在电网负荷峰值升高、电网电压下降以及电网能量损失变大等方面。众所周知，对电网进行扩容改造将需巨大的成本，而智能充电无需对电网进行大幅度改造即可有效地解决这一难题。智能充电不仅能为电力运营商创造可观的经济效益，同时还能使电动汽车用户受益。智能充电主要分为集中式充电和分散式充电。集中式充电根据电网信息和电动汽车的充电需求规划电动汽车的充电策略。充电策略的制定主要以电网运行成本最小、电网能量损失最小、电网负荷方差最小等为目标。分散式充电主要在获取电网状态信息和电动汽车的充电需求后制定浮动电价以激励电动汽车用户避开用电高峰期。最后，文章简要介绍了在智能充电框架下电动汽车与可再生能源融合的潜力、智能充电对电池的要求以及相应的通讯网络构建等问题。
발전전동기차시감소대석유적의뢰이급해결배경오염적유효도경。단시，대규모전동기차무서충전회엄중영향전망적은정성，주요표현재전망부하봉치승고、전망전압하강이급전망능량손실변대등방면。음소주지，대전망진행확용개조장수거대적성본，이지능충전무수대전망진행대폭도개조즉가유효지해결저일난제。지능충전불부능위전력운영상창조가관적경제효익，동시환능사전동기차용호수익。지능충전주요분위집중식충전화분산식충전。집중식충전근거전망신식화전동기차적충전수구규화전동기차적충전책략。충전책략적제정주요이전망운행성본최소、전망능량손실최소、전망부하방차최소등위목표。분산식충전주요재획취전망상태신식화전동기차적충전수구후제정부동전개이격려전동기차용호피개용전고봉기。최후，문장간요개소료재지능충전광가하전동기차여가재생능원융합적잠력、지능충전대전지적요구이급상응적통신망락구건등문제。
To develop electric vehicles is a way to reduce fossil fuel and alleviate air pollution. But a large scale of electric vehicles will bring a serious impact on the stability of grid, such as the peak widening, voltage deviations and the increase of energy losses. It is well known that it will cost much for the extension and renovation of the grid while smart charging can efifciently solve this problem without radical transformation of the grid. Smart charging of electric vehicles can not only bring economic beneifts to the power company, but also beneift customers of electric vehicles. In this paper, the two main control architectures of smart charging, the centralized control and the decentralized control were reviewed. The research of centralized control is based on various targets, such as minimizing operating costs, minimizing energy loss or minimizing load variance. And the decentralized control mainly depends on the price mechanism to motivate users to change their charging behaviours. Finally, the integration of electric vehicles and renewable energy were introduced and the constructions of network communication devices were described.