CAJ | 학술논문

电动汽车是解决能源危机和环境污染的有效方法，但就目前情况来看，电动汽车大规模使用仍需时日。尽管如此，低速电动汽车目前已在中国低端电动汽车市场取得了成功。文章探讨了低速电动汽车的行驶特性、动态性能、电池性能和能量效率。通过底盘测功机实验测试与室外道路实验，分析了低速电动汽车的负载特性和过载特性，研究不同电池对低速电动车性价比的影响。虽然目前锂离子电池比铅酸电池成本更高，但实际应用中，锂离子电池效率更高、全寿命行驶距离更长。直流驱动电机有优秀的过载能力，但电机系统的低效率限制了低速电动汽车的整车能量效率。因此，开发低成本、高效率的电池及电机驱动系统是提高低速电动车性价比的有效途径。
전동기차시해결능원위궤화배경오염적유효방법，단취목전정황래간，전동기차대규모사용잉수시일。진관여차，저속전동기차목전이재중국저단전동기차시장취득료성공。문장탐토료저속전동기차적행사특성、동태성능、전지성능화능량효솔。통과저반측공궤실험측시여실외도로실험，분석료저속전동기차적부재특성화과재특성，연구불동전지대저속전동차성개비적영향。수연목전리리자전지비연산전지성본경고，단실제응용중，리리자전지효솔경고、전수명행사거리경장。직류구동전궤유우수적과재능력，단전궤계통적저효솔한제료저속전동기차적정차능량효솔。인차，개발저성본、고효솔적전지급전궤구동계통시제고저속전동차성개비적유효도경。
Electric vehicle is an effective solution to the fossil fuel energy resource crisis and environmental pollution, but there is a wide gap between current market conditions and the anticipated products. However, low-speed electric vehicles have been commercially successful in the low-end performance electric vehicle market in China. In this paper, the ride characteristics, dynamic performance, battery performance, and power efficiency of a low-speed electric vehicle were examined. The vehicle characteristics were measured through dynamometer and road tests. The overload performance was also tested under the drive power more than 4 times the rated value. The effects of different batteries on the cost performance of low-speed electric vehicles were also analysed. Although the lithium-ion polymer battery is currently more costly than the lead-acid battery, the increased efifciency of this battery provides a more economical full-cycle lifetime driving distance for practical applications. The low power efifciency of the DC drive motor and its control system limit the general power efifciency of the low-speed electric vehicle and determine its economical speed. Some optimisation methods for improving low-speed electric vehicle performances were suggested.