俄罗斯学刊
俄囉斯學刊
아라사학간
ACADEMIC JOURNAL OF RUSSIAN STUDIES
2015年
1期
5-18
,共14页
俄罗斯%陪审团%对抗式审判%特别程序
俄囉斯%陪審糰%對抗式審判%特彆程序
아라사%배심단%대항식심판%특별정서
Russia%jury%adversarial trial(s)%special procedure(s)
1864—1917年，俄罗斯曾经实行过53年的陪审团制度，十月革命后被人民陪审员制度取代。现行陪审团制度于1993年实行，至今已逾20年。现行陪审团制度由法官主导刑事审判、陪审团可询问证人、陪审团解决定罪和部分量刑问题、一致裁决与多数表决相结合、陪审团无罪判决可上诉等特点，体现了职权主义的特征。当前俄罗斯陪审团制度遭遇以下挑战：陪审团组成困难、无罪判决率较高、陪审团审判效率低下。陪审团制度俄罗斯化、陪审团审理案件范围会缩小、职业法官的权力会加大、特别程序的适用范围会扩大等将是俄罗斯陪审团制度今后的发展趋势。
1864—1917年，俄囉斯曾經實行過53年的陪審糰製度，十月革命後被人民陪審員製度取代。現行陪審糰製度于1993年實行，至今已逾20年。現行陪審糰製度由法官主導刑事審判、陪審糰可詢問證人、陪審糰解決定罪和部分量刑問題、一緻裁決與多數錶決相結閤、陪審糰無罪判決可上訴等特點，體現瞭職權主義的特徵。噹前俄囉斯陪審糰製度遭遇以下挑戰：陪審糰組成睏難、無罪判決率較高、陪審糰審判效率低下。陪審糰製度俄囉斯化、陪審糰審理案件範圍會縮小、職業法官的權力會加大、特彆程序的適用範圍會擴大等將是俄囉斯陪審糰製度今後的髮展趨勢。
1864—1917년，아라사증경실행과53년적배심단제도，십월혁명후피인민배심원제도취대。현행배심단제도우1993년실행，지금이유20년。현행배심단제도유법관주도형사심판、배심단가순문증인、배심단해결정죄화부분양형문제、일치재결여다수표결상결합、배심단무죄판결가상소등특점，체현료직권주의적특정。당전아라사배심단제도조우이하도전：배심단조성곤난、무죄판결솔교고、배심단심판효솔저하。배심단제도아라사화、배심단심리안건범위회축소、직업법관적권력회가대、특별정서적괄용범위회확대등장시아라사배심단제도금후적발전추세。
The old Russian jury system which was established in 1864 was replaced by the people’s assessor system in 1917. The current jury system which was implemented in 1993 has spanned over 20 years. Under the system, the judge leads the criminal trial while the jury can question witnesses, address convictions and some sentencing issues, give unanimous verdicts and a majority vote, and can appeal acquittals. Russia’s jury system today faces the problem of the difficult formation of a jury, a high rate of acquittals, and inefficient jury trials. The system will evolve into a Russifed jury system with a smaller range of cases tried by the jury, more power for professional judges, and a wider range of application for special procedures.
