工业微生物
工業微生物
공업미생물
INDUSTRIAL MICROBIOLOGY
2015年
1期
7-14
,共8页
堆肥%预处理%减量化%腐殖化%微生物机制
堆肥%預處理%減量化%腐殖化%微生物機製
퇴비%예처리%감양화%부식화%미생물궤제
compost%pretreatment%reduction%humification%microbial mechanism
堆肥是有机固体废弃物处理与资源化的主要途径之一，包括矿化和腐殖化两个过程，且都和微生物活动有关。矿化过程会产生二氧化碳（CO2）等温室气体，是一个典型的温室气体释放过程。腐殖化过程则会产生稳定的腐殖质，则是优良的土壤改良剂。在堆肥稳定化的前提下，如何有效减少堆肥过程中的CO2释放，强化堆肥的腐殖化过程，增加作为优良土壤改良剂的腐殖质产量，对于发展低碳化堆肥技术，实现堆肥的资源化利用具有重要意义。本文选取水稻秸秆和餐厨垃圾作为堆肥原料，研究不同预处理对堆肥过程中矿化和腐殖化过程的影响，并探讨了不同预处理影响矿化和腐殖化过程的微生物机理。结果表明堆料加热预处理后，堆肥的矿化作用被明显削弱，总碳（TC）减量率仅为23．4％，并且最后形成了可观产量的稳定腐殖质（每kg堆料70 d后腐殖质含量为22．09 g ±0．35 g，腐殖化系数达2．0），因此加热预处理后的堆肥过程在保证稳定腐殖质的产量前提下更低碳化。预处理通过影响堆料的性质和初始状态下堆料中微生物的种类和数量从而影响堆肥的矿化和腐殖化过程。活性微生物量与脱氢酶活性是矿化过程的主要决定因素，而多酚氧化酶活性主要影响堆肥的稳定腐殖化过程。
堆肥是有機固體廢棄物處理與資源化的主要途徑之一，包括礦化和腐殖化兩箇過程，且都和微生物活動有關。礦化過程會產生二氧化碳（CO2）等溫室氣體，是一箇典型的溫室氣體釋放過程。腐殖化過程則會產生穩定的腐殖質，則是優良的土壤改良劑。在堆肥穩定化的前提下，如何有效減少堆肥過程中的CO2釋放，彊化堆肥的腐殖化過程，增加作為優良土壤改良劑的腐殖質產量，對于髮展低碳化堆肥技術，實現堆肥的資源化利用具有重要意義。本文選取水稻秸稈和餐廚垃圾作為堆肥原料，研究不同預處理對堆肥過程中礦化和腐殖化過程的影響，併探討瞭不同預處理影響礦化和腐殖化過程的微生物機理。結果錶明堆料加熱預處理後，堆肥的礦化作用被明顯削弱，總碳（TC）減量率僅為23．4％，併且最後形成瞭可觀產量的穩定腐殖質（每kg堆料70 d後腐殖質含量為22．09 g ±0．35 g，腐殖化繫數達2．0），因此加熱預處理後的堆肥過程在保證穩定腐殖質的產量前提下更低碳化。預處理通過影響堆料的性質和初始狀態下堆料中微生物的種類和數量從而影響堆肥的礦化和腐殖化過程。活性微生物量與脫氫酶活性是礦化過程的主要決定因素，而多酚氧化酶活性主要影響堆肥的穩定腐殖化過程。
퇴비시유궤고체폐기물처리여자원화적주요도경지일，포괄광화화부식화량개과정，차도화미생물활동유관。광화과정회산생이양화탄（CO2）등온실기체，시일개전형적온실기체석방과정。부식화과정칙회산생은정적부식질，칙시우량적토양개량제。재퇴비은정화적전제하，여하유효감소퇴비과정중적CO2석방，강화퇴비적부식화과정，증가작위우량토양개량제적부식질산량，대우발전저탄화퇴비기술，실현퇴비적자원화이용구유중요의의。본문선취수도갈간화찬주랄급작위퇴비원료，연구불동예처리대퇴비과정중광화화부식화과정적영향，병탐토료불동예처리영향광화화부식화과정적미생물궤리。결과표명퇴료가열예처리후，퇴비적광화작용피명현삭약，총탄（TC）감량솔부위23．4％，병차최후형성료가관산량적은정부식질（매kg퇴료70 d후부식질함량위22．09 g ±0．35 g，부식화계수체2．0），인차가열예처리후적퇴비과정재보증은정부식질적산량전제하경저탄화。예처리통과영향퇴료적성질화초시상태하퇴료중미생물적충류화수량종이영향퇴비적광화화부식화과정。활성미생물량여탈경매활성시광화과정적주요결정인소，이다분양화매활성주요영향퇴비적은정부식화과정。
Composting is one of the main ways of organic solid waste treatment and recycling,including two processes of mineralization and humification,both of which are related to microbial activity. The mineralization process as a typical greenhouse gas release process produces carbon dioxide (CO2 )and other greenhouse gases. While the humification process will produce stable humus,which is good soil improver. How to reduce CO2 releasing during composting process and strengthen the humification is important for low-carbon composting of organic solid waste and for improving the quality of soil conditioner. In this research,agroforestry waste and restaurant garbage were chosen as raw material of compost to discuss effects of different pretreatment on quantitative reduction,humification,stabilization and as well as its mechanism. Results showed that through stacking heating pretreatment,mineralization of compost was reduced with only 23. 4% reduc-tion rate of total carbon (TC),and finally formed stable humus considerable yield (per kg stacking humus content after 70 days was 22. 09 g ± 0. 35 g,humification coefficient of 2. 0). It indicated that composting process with heating pretreat-ment was lower carbonation under the guarantee of premise of stable humus yield. Pretreatment influenced the properties of windrow material stacking and initial state through types and quantity of microorganism,thus affecting the mineralization and humification process of composting. Microbial biomass and dehydrogenase activity were mainly decisive factors of the mineralization process,while polyphenol oxidase activity mainly affected the composting humification process stability.
