管理科学
管理科學
관이과학
MANAGEMENT SCIENCES IN CHINA
2015年
2期
12-26
,共15页
外来者劣势%扎根理论%边界跨越%组织合法性%信息内化%外部显示
外來者劣勢%扎根理論%邊界跨越%組織閤法性%信息內化%外部顯示
외래자열세%찰근이론%변계과월%조직합법성%신식내화%외부현시
liability of foreignness%grounded theory%boundary spanning%organizational legitimacy%information internalization%ex-ternal representation
外来者劣势是新兴经济体跨国企业国际化过程中面临的显著劣势，现有理论在新兴经济体跨国企业如何克服外来者劣势研究方面存在缺口。选取4家中国跨国企业作为研究对象，采用扎根理论研究方法的三阶段编码程序对案例进行剖析，探索中国企业在发达国家克服外来者劣势的具体策略，构建以边界跨越为核心范畴的外来者劣势克服策略理论模型。研究结果表明，中国企业面临的外来者劣势主要来源于信息缺失和合法性缺失。边界跨越是克服外来者劣势的有效策略，其中信息内化通过设置边界跨越角色、聘请外部顾问、环境扫描、产品策略和信息内部整合等活动将外部环境信息传递到企业内部，提高企业获取异国环境信息的能力，降低不熟悉危害；有利的外部显示通过品牌营销、企业社会责任、名人效应和获取第三方认证等活动向环境释放积极的信息，提高企业的规范和认知合法性，降低歧视危害和关系危害。针对研究结论，从构建环境扫描系统和外部显示机制两方面对中国企业如何实施边界跨越、降低外来者劣势提出具体的管理启示。
外來者劣勢是新興經濟體跨國企業國際化過程中麵臨的顯著劣勢，現有理論在新興經濟體跨國企業如何剋服外來者劣勢研究方麵存在缺口。選取4傢中國跨國企業作為研究對象，採用扎根理論研究方法的三階段編碼程序對案例進行剖析，探索中國企業在髮達國傢剋服外來者劣勢的具體策略，構建以邊界跨越為覈心範疇的外來者劣勢剋服策略理論模型。研究結果錶明，中國企業麵臨的外來者劣勢主要來源于信息缺失和閤法性缺失。邊界跨越是剋服外來者劣勢的有效策略，其中信息內化通過設置邊界跨越角色、聘請外部顧問、環境掃描、產品策略和信息內部整閤等活動將外部環境信息傳遞到企業內部，提高企業穫取異國環境信息的能力，降低不熟悉危害；有利的外部顯示通過品牌營銷、企業社會責任、名人效應和穫取第三方認證等活動嚮環境釋放積極的信息，提高企業的規範和認知閤法性，降低歧視危害和關繫危害。針對研究結論，從構建環境掃描繫統和外部顯示機製兩方麵對中國企業如何實施邊界跨越、降低外來者劣勢提齣具體的管理啟示。
외래자열세시신흥경제체과국기업국제화과정중면림적현저열세，현유이론재신흥경제체과국기업여하극복외래자열세연구방면존재결구。선취4가중국과국기업작위연구대상，채용찰근이론연구방법적삼계단편마정서대안례진행부석，탐색중국기업재발체국가극복외래자열세적구체책략，구건이변계과월위핵심범주적외래자열세극복책략이론모형。연구결과표명，중국기업면림적외래자열세주요래원우신식결실화합법성결실。변계과월시극복외래자열세적유효책략，기중신식내화통과설치변계과월각색、빙청외부고문、배경소묘、산품책략화신식내부정합등활동장외부배경신식전체도기업내부，제고기업획취이국배경신식적능력，강저불숙실위해；유리적외부현시통과품패영소、기업사회책임、명인효응화획취제삼방인증등활동향배경석방적겁적신식，제고기업적규범화인지합법성，강저기시위해화관계위해。침대연구결론，종구건배경소묘계통화외부현시궤제량방면대중국기업여하실시변계과월、강저외래자열세제출구체적관리계시。
Liability of foreignness is one of the most significant disadvantages encountered by multinational enterprises ( MNE) from emerging economies in the process of internationalization , while the previous research has done insufficiently to guide MNE from emerging economies to overcome this disadvantage . In this paper , four Chinese MNEs are selected as the research subjects and data is collected from enterprise′s official websites as well as the host country mainstream media .The data is analyzed by the applications of three phase coding process of grounded theory , including open coding , axial coding and selective coding to explore the specific strategies for Chinese MNEs in developed countries so as to ultimately develop a strategic model to overcome liability of foreignness based on “boundary spanning”. The results indicate that:①the liability of foreignness that Chinese MNEs face is mainly generated by information deficit and le-gitimacy deficit .Information deficit includes lack of the host country information and Chinese MNEs ′information while legitimacy deficit include political risk , negative effect of a country of origin , ethnocentrism and lack of trust; ②Boundary spanning is an effective strategy to overcome liability of foreignness which includes information internalization and favorably external representa -tion.Information internalization can be done by activities of setting boundary spanning roles , hiring outside consultants , scanning external environment , implementing product strategy and integrating internal information etc .to transfer the information of exter-nal environment to the multinational enterprises , to improve the ability of Chinese MNEs to learn about foreign environment , and to reduce unfamiliar hazards faced by Chinese MNEs .Favorable external representation can release positive information to the en-vironment by brand marketing , corporate social responsibility , celebrity effect and accessing to third-party certification to improve normative and cognitive legitimacy and reduce discrimination and relational hazards faced by Chinese MNEs . Finally, this research proposes on how Chinese MNEs can implement boundary spanning and reduce liability of foreignness from the perspectives of building environmental scanning system and external representation mechanism .
