CAJ | 학술논문

以“不同易感性模型”为理论基础,1323名青少年为被试(初次测评时M =11.31岁；SD =0.49),考察了5-HTR1A基因rs6295多态性与父母教养行为对青少年早期抑郁的交互作用及其性别差异。结果表明：当父母积极教养行为水平较高时,携带CC基因型的女青少年抑郁水平显著低于G等位基因携带者,当父母积极教养行为水平较低时,携带不同基因型的女青少年的抑郁水平无显著差异,但 rs6295多态性与父母教养行为对男青少年的抑郁无显著交互作用。此外, rs6295多态性对男女青少年早期抑郁均无显著主效应。研究结果提示, rs6295多态性与父母教养行为对青少年早期抑郁的交互作用部分支持不同易感性模型观点,且存在性别差异,主要表现于女青少年群体中。本研究发现能够为基因-环境交互作用设计研究提供一定启示,同时亦能推进有关抑郁发生机制的研究。
이“불동역감성모형”위이론기출,1323명청소년위피시(초차측평시M =11.31세；SD =0.49),고찰료5-HTR1A기인rs6295다태성여부모교양행위대청소년조기억욱적교호작용급기성별차이。결과표명：당부모적겁교양행위수평교고시,휴대CC기인형적녀청소년억욱수평현저저우G등위기인휴대자,당부모적겁교양행위수평교저시,휴대불동기인형적녀청소년적억욱수평무현저차이,단 rs6295다태성여부모교양행위대남청소년적억욱무현저교호작용。차외, rs6295다태성대남녀청소년조기억욱균무현저주효응。연구결과제시, rs6295다태성여부모교양행위대청소년조기억욱적교호작용부분지지불동역감성모형관점,차존재성별차이,주요표현우녀청소년군체중。본연구발현능구위기인-배경교호작용설계연구제공일정계시,동시역능추진유관억욱발생궤제적연구。
The extant findings showed 5-HTR1A gene rs6295 polymorphism was associated with depression. However, most of them were mainly guided by the “diathesis and stress model” and typically focused on the interaction between risk alleles and adverse environments. According to the “differential susceptibility model”, the individuals exclusively affected by negative contexts can also respond more favorably to positive environments, but the positive environments interacting with the same genes have scarcely been investigated. It also remains unclear whether there is a moderating effect of gender on the way rs6295 polymorphism interacting with environments. This study aimed to test the hypothesis of differential susceptibility model by examining the interaction of rs6295 polymorphism with positive and negative parenting behavior on early adolescent depression, and explore the mediating effect of adolescents’ gender. Participants (n= 1323) were a subset of a 4-year longitudinal study (n = 2715) which investigated 14 primary schools in Jinan by random cluster sampling method. During the initial assessment (in 2008), adolescents (grade 5) were on average 11.31 years old (SD = 0.49), and mothers ranged in age from 35 to 40 years (M = 38.03,SD = 2.39). Adolescents’ depression were identified via self-rating on the Children’s Depression Inventory (2008:α = 0.88; 2011:α = 0.89), and parenting behavior were rated by mother-report questionnaire (positive:α = 0.85; negative:α = 0.72). DNA was extracted from saliva. Genotype at rs6295 was performed in real time with MassARRAY RT software version 3.0.0.4 and analyzed using the MassARRAY Typer software version 3.4 (Sequenom). A series of linear regression analyses were conducted by SPSS 18.0. The results showed rs6295 polymorphism significantly interacted with positive parenting behaviors in predicting early adolescents’ depression, and furthermore this interaction was moderated by adolescents’ gender. Specifically, among female early adolescents, those with CC genotype reported lower levels of depression than their counterparts with G allele (including CG and GG genotypes) when they were experiencing higher levels of positive parenting behavior, but such effect was not observed among the female adolescents who were exposure to lower levels of positive parenting behaviors. The above mentioned interaction between rs6295 polymorphism and positive parenting behaviors was not obtained among male early adolescents. The results also showed that there existed no significant interaction between rs6295 polymorphism and negative parenting behaviors on depression among both male and female early adolescents. The main effect of 5-HTR1A gene rs6295 polymorphism on depression was not found either. Taken together, the findings of the present study indicated that the CC genotype in the rs6295 locus, which was regarded as the risk genotype in some previous studies, could respond more favorably to positive parenting behavior among female early adolescents. This lends partial support for the viewpoint of the newly-developed differential susceptibility model, and contributes to 5-HTR1A gene-depression literature by elaborating the moderating effect of gender and parenting behavior among early adolescents. Future research should add the clinical sample, which can enlarge the variation of the parenting behavior, and the indexes of the distal environmental factors to further examine the interaction between rs6295 polymorphism and environmental influences on adolescent depression.