心理学报
心理學報
심이학보
CHINESE JOURNAL OF PSYCHOLOGY
2015年
5期
584-599
,共16页
和秀梅%张夏妮%张积家%肖二平%王娟
和秀梅%張夏妮%張積傢%肖二平%王娟
화수매%장하니%장적가%초이평%왕연
摩梭人%汉族%亲属词%空间隐喻
摩梭人%漢族%親屬詞%空間隱喻
마사인%한족%친속사%공간은유
the Moso%the Han%kinship words%spatial metaphor%culture schema
采用亲属词判断任务，比较汉族人和摩梭人在亲属词的语义加工中的上下、左右、内外空间隐喻，揭示文化图式对亲属词语义加工中空间隐喻的影响。实验1表明，汉族人和摩梭人在亲属词的语义加工中均存在着上下隐喻一致性效应：高辈分亲属词呈现在屏幕的上方加工快，低辈分亲属词呈现在屏幕的下方加工快。实验2表明，摩梭人对呈现在屏幕右边的年幼平辈亲属词的加工比呈现在屏幕左边快，出现部分的左右隐喻一致性效应，汉族人对长、幼平辈亲属词的加工不受呈现位置影响。实验3表明，摩梭人对母系亲属词的加工显著快于对父系亲属词，汉族人对父系亲属词、母系亲属词的加工无显著差异。当父系亲属词呈现在圆圈中心和圆圈外时，摩梭人的反应显著慢于汉族人；当父系亲属词呈现在圆圈边缘时，两个民族的反应时差异不显著。当母系亲属词呈现在圆圈中心时，两个民族的反应时差异最大。整个研究表明，汉族人和摩梭人在对亲属词的语义加工中存在着空间隐喻一致性效应，但隐喻方式却受各自的文化图式影响，而且文化图式的变化引起亲属词的空间隐喻方式的变化，体现了人类认知的情境性和具身性。
採用親屬詞判斷任務，比較漢族人和摩梭人在親屬詞的語義加工中的上下、左右、內外空間隱喻，揭示文化圖式對親屬詞語義加工中空間隱喻的影響。實驗1錶明，漢族人和摩梭人在親屬詞的語義加工中均存在著上下隱喻一緻性效應：高輩分親屬詞呈現在屏幕的上方加工快，低輩分親屬詞呈現在屏幕的下方加工快。實驗2錶明，摩梭人對呈現在屏幕右邊的年幼平輩親屬詞的加工比呈現在屏幕左邊快，齣現部分的左右隱喻一緻性效應，漢族人對長、幼平輩親屬詞的加工不受呈現位置影響。實驗3錶明，摩梭人對母繫親屬詞的加工顯著快于對父繫親屬詞，漢族人對父繫親屬詞、母繫親屬詞的加工無顯著差異。噹父繫親屬詞呈現在圓圈中心和圓圈外時，摩梭人的反應顯著慢于漢族人；噹父繫親屬詞呈現在圓圈邊緣時，兩箇民族的反應時差異不顯著。噹母繫親屬詞呈現在圓圈中心時，兩箇民族的反應時差異最大。整箇研究錶明，漢族人和摩梭人在對親屬詞的語義加工中存在著空間隱喻一緻性效應，但隱喻方式卻受各自的文化圖式影響，而且文化圖式的變化引起親屬詞的空間隱喻方式的變化，體現瞭人類認知的情境性和具身性。
채용친속사판단임무，비교한족인화마사인재친속사적어의가공중적상하、좌우、내외공간은유，게시문화도식대친속사어의가공중공간은유적영향。실험1표명，한족인화마사인재친속사적어의가공중균존재착상하은유일치성효응：고배분친속사정현재병막적상방가공쾌，저배분친속사정현재병막적하방가공쾌。실험2표명，마사인대정현재병막우변적년유평배친속사적가공비정현재병막좌변쾌，출현부분적좌우은유일치성효응，한족인대장、유평배친속사적가공불수정현위치영향。실험3표명，마사인대모계친속사적가공현저쾌우대부계친속사，한족인대부계친속사、모계친속사적가공무현저차이。당부계친속사정현재원권중심화원권외시，마사인적반응현저만우한족인；당부계친속사정현재원권변연시，량개민족적반응시차이불현저。당모계친속사정현재원권중심시，량개민족적반응시차이최대。정개연구표명，한족인화마사인재대친속사적어의가공중존재착공간은유일치성효응，단은유방식각수각자적문화도식영향，이차문화도식적변화인기친속사적공간은유방식적변화，체현료인류인지적정경성화구신성。
Metaphor is a kind of cognitive style that is pervasive in everyday life. Our ordinary conceptual system is fundamentally metaphorical in nature. Spatial metaphor is the mapping between concepts of space and concept of non-space. Spatial metaphor plays an important role in cognition. By studying a large number of corpuses, researchers found that many abstract concepts are constructed and understood through spatial concepts, such as time, quantity, emotion, and moral etc. The kinship, the initial social relationship of individuals, is formed on the basis of blood relationship and marriage. There are corresponding words to represent kinship in each language, and these words are termed as kinship words. Kinship words contain abundant information about genetics, marriage, sociology and culture. This study aimed to explore whether the kinship words could be represented by more concrete spatial concepts, such as up-down, left-right, and within -outside. Generally speaking, “up” implies the higher authority, stronger and upper social status and more respect, “down” means the lower authority, weaker and lower social status and more care; “left” represents the past, “right” on behalf of the future; “inside” on behalf of one of their own, worthy of trust; “Outside” on behalf of others, should be on guard. In this study, three experiments were adopted to explore the effects of culture schemas on the spatial metaphors in the semantic processing of kinship words. The participants were young people of the Han and the Moso. Kinship word judgment task were introduced to examine the impact of the spatial image schema on the semantic processing of kinship words. In experiment 1, 28 kinship words (14 senior generational kinship words and 14 junior generational kinship words) were used to survey the role of up-down metaphor. In experiment 2, 24 kinship words (12 the elder kinship words and 12 the younger kinship words) were used to inspect the role of left-right metaphor. In experiment 3, 26 kinship words (13 the matriarchal kinship words and 13 the patriarchal kinship words) were used to investigate the role of container metaphor. Results showed that: (1) the concepts of kinship words and space vertical dimension existed implicit contact: the senior generational kinship words corresponds to the space "up" and generational kinship words corresponds to the space "down". The results produced by the Moso and the Han people are similar; (2) to elder or young kinship words which belong to the same generational, there were no left-right metaphor consistency effect in the semantic processing of the Han, whereas there were part of left-right metaphor consistency effect in the semantic processing of the Moso. That is, comparing with kinship words displaying on the left of the screen, the Moso reacted much faster when young words appeared on the right of the screen; (3) "circle" can be used as container metaphor to determine the internal and external relations. There were inside-outside metaphor consistency effect in the Moso’ semantic processing of maternal and paternal kinship words. By contrast, no significant difference occurred when Han people responded to the maternal and paternal kinship words. In sum, results in the present study suggested that space metaphors of kinship words of the Han and the Moso have both generality and uniqueness. There were spatial metaphor consistency effect in the kinship words’ semantic processing of the Han and the Mosuo, but the way of metaphor is influenced by their respective cultural schema and body experience. The changes of cultural schema of the Han and the Mosuo determine the changes of the their relative concept space metaphor.
