CAJ | 학술논문

采用特征-联合范式的研究发现，面孔再认阶段可记录到明显的联合效应和特征效应；然而，与再认同属情景记忆的另一任务(来源提取)条件的相应效应尚未报道，背景信息一致性对联合面孔和特征面孔提取的调节作用以及面孔不同特征对特征效应的影响也未考察。为澄清上述问题，本文采用特征-联合范式，并以位置为背景展开研究。实验含一个学习任务和两个测验任务(再认和来源提取)。结果显示，再认和来源提取阶段均记录到显著的联合效应和特征效应，且两类效应均在来源提取阶段更强；任务类型与位置背景一致性交互影响提取绩效；面孔外部特征和内部特征对特征效应的影响相似。表明联合效应和特征效应具有显著的任务类型敏感性，这些效应是联合面孔和特征面孔的熟悉性较强且对源面孔的回忆加工相对较弱的结果，且这两类面孔的提取为背景一致性所调节；任务类型对两类效应的调节与双重加工理论模型相吻合。
채용특정-연합범식적연구발현，면공재인계단가기록도명현적연합효응화특정효응；연이，여재인동속정경기억적령일임무(래원제취)조건적상응효응상미보도，배경신식일치성대연합면공화특정면공제취적조절작용이급면공불동특정대특정효응적영향야미고찰。위징청상술문제，본문채용특정-연합범식，병이위치위배경전개연구。실험함일개학습임무화량개측험임무(재인화래원제취)。결과현시，재인화래원제취계단균기록도현저적연합효응화특정효응，차량류효응균재래원제취계단경강；임무류형여위치배경일치성교호영향제취적효；면공외부특정화내부특정대특정효응적영향상사。표명연합효응화특정효응구유현저적임무류형민감성，저사효응시연합면공화특정면공적숙실성교강차대원면공적회억가공상대교약적결과，차저량류면공적제취위배경일치성소조절；임무류형대량류효응적조절여쌍중가공이론모형상문합。
Previous research has suggested that faces can produce robust conjunction and feature effects at item recognition in the feature-conjunction paradigm. However, whether such two effects are affected when the task and contextual details are manipulated, has not been described yet. Also, the contribution of external facial features versus internal facial features to feature effect needs further exploration. Thus, the first goal of the present study was to investigate to what extent that the two effects were affected by task type (the two aspects of episodic memory, i.e., item recognition and source retrieval) for unfamiliar faces in the feature-conjunction paradigm. The second goal was to explore the interaction between the consistency of presentation location and task type. Third, we would study the possible difference between external facial features and internal facial features in the case of feature effect. Thirty-one subjects participated in this experiment. The formal stimuli were 720 headshots of unfamiliar individuals, half male and half female. In the study stage, subjects were asked to learn some unfamiliar faces that were either presented on the left side or on the right side of the screen. In the test stage, five types of faces were displayed, left or right: old faces, conjunction faces, old external feature faces, old internal feature faces, and totally new faces; and two types of tasks were randomly presented: the item recognition task during which subjects only had to make old/new judgments, and the source retrieval task which required an additional discrimination towards the location of old faces (i.e., subjects were instructed to differentiate the old faces that were displayed on the same location between study and test from the old faces on different locations and other faces). The results showed that both tasks elicited robust conjunction effect and feature effect for faces, but they were larger in source retrieval task. The interaction between location consistency and task type was significant in terms of memory performance: At recognition, location consistency facilitated both effects, while no such facilitation was observed at source retrieval. The feature effect in old external faces was similar to that in internal feature faces. These results strongly demonstrate that both conjunction effect and feature effect are sensitive to task type, and suggests an important role of high familiarity compared with recollection in such two effects, consistent with the dual-process model. The discrimination of conjunction and feature faces is regulated by the interaction of whether the presentation location is consistent or not between study and test and task type. Additionally, old external facial features and old internal facial features play similar roles in the contribution to feature effect.