CAJ | 학술논문

1978年以来，在全球变化与工业化、城市化背景下，中国粮食生产格局发生了明显变化，这一变化不仅影响到国家尺度上的粮食供销格局，也影响农业资源的利用效率、农业生产的受灾风险，甚至区域生态安全。以往的研究大多在南北地区、三大地带、八大粮食产区等分区基础上考察这一变化，难以充分反映这一变化的自然地理特点。利用1990-2010年县域粮食产量数据和粮食生产集中度指标，通过考察不同雨量带、温度带和地貌类型区集中度指数的变化来揭示格局变化的自然地理特点。研究发现：1990-2010年间，中国各区粮食产量均有不同程度的增长，但由于增长幅度不同，中国粮食生产中心由800 mm以上雨量带向400~800 mm雨量带偏移，由亚热带向中温带和暖温带转移，并逐渐向平原地区集中。结果表明，中国粮食生产格局变化不利于水热资源的高效利用，但却有利于发展机械耕作，从而提高劳动生产率。应对格局变化，中国粮食生产应进一步提高水资源保障能力和防灾减灾能力。
1978년이래，재전구변화여공업화、성시화배경하，중국양식생산격국발생료명현변화，저일변화불부영향도국가척도상적양식공소격국，야영향농업자원적이용효솔、농업생산적수재풍험，심지구역생태안전。이왕적연구대다재남북지구、삼대지대、팔대양식산구등분구기출상고찰저일변화，난이충분반영저일변화적자연지리특점。이용1990-2010년현역양식산량수거화양식생산집중도지표，통과고찰불동우량대、온도대화지모류형구집중도지수적변화래게시격국변화적자연지리특점。연구발현：1990-2010년간，중국각구양식산량균유불동정도적증장，단유우증장폭도불동，중국양식생산중심유800 mm이상우량대향400~800 mm우량대편이，유아열대향중온대화난온대전이，병축점향평원지구집중。결과표명，중국양식생산격국변화불리우수열자원적고효이용，단각유리우발전궤계경작，종이제고노동생산솔。응대격국변화，중국양식생산응진일보제고수자원보장능력화방재감재능력。
The spatial pattern of graln production in China has changed remarkably under the background of global change, industrialization and urbanization over the past 20 years. This change has great impacts on graln supply and graln market, efficiency of agricultural resources, disaster risk of agricultural production on national scale, and ecological security on regional scale as well. Current research focused on the spatial change of China's graln production based on three schemes of geographical division including North and South China division, three economic regions, and eight graln-producing bases. These schemes reflected geographical features of graln production in China. In this paper, location quotients of graln production and yield data of 2344 counties were used to analyze variations of graln production in geographical regions defined by disparity of annual precipitation, effective temperature, and landforms. The results indicated that the graln production in all the geographical regions presented an increasing trend during the period 1990-2010. Due to the spatial disparity of regional growth rate, the centre of graln production in China moved northward: from the regions with precipitation over 800 mm to those with precipitation between 400 mm and 800 mm; from subtropical zone to mid-temperate zone and warm-temperate zone;and gradually concentrated in flat plalns. The results implied that the change of spatial patterns of China's graln production went agalnst the efficient use of water and heat resources, but it was beneficial to the application of agricultural machines and the improvement of labor productivity. Given the change trends of spatial pattern of graln production, background of climate change, and the national alm of graln security, China should enhance its ability to improve efficiency of water resources and reduce the risk of natural disasters.