CAJ | 학술논문

石马河流域对东江饮用水源地城镇供水具有重要战略意义.为研究石马河水化学特征,分别于2012年2月、6月和11月采集石马河河水水样共39个,分析测定了水体主离子(K +、 Na +、 Ca2+、 Mg2+、 Cl -、 SO2-4和 HCO -3)及营养盐(PO3-4、NO -3和 NH +4)浓度,探讨了水化学组成的时空差异、控制因素并对其来源进行了初步辨析.结果表明,水化学组成的时空差异显著,不同时期的河水 TDS 及营养盐平均浓度排序为11月﹥2月﹥6月；河水阴离子以 HCO -3为主,2月和11月时,河水阳离子以 Na ++ K +为主,为 HCO -3-Na +水,6月时则以 Ca2+为主,为 HCO -3-Ca2+水；营养盐浓度在空间上的差异主要受人类活动导致 N、 P 废水排放影响,3个时期的石马河出水口处(R7) N： P 为18.4,有利于浮游植物的生长,河道出现了富营养化的现象； Gibbs 图显示,2月和11月的河水主离子受蒸发岩溶解的影响较为显著,而蒸发岩和碳酸盐岩风化共同控制6月的水化学组分；海盐沉降对石马河河水物质的贡献率较小；部分 Na +、 Mg2+、 Cl -和 SO2-4来自化肥的施用和工业废水的排放；NH +4-N、 PO3-4-P 和 NO -3-N主要分别来源于家禽养殖废水和生活废水.
석마하류역대동강음용수원지성진공수구유중요전략의의.위연구석마하수화학특정,분별우2012년2월、6월화11월채집석마하하수수양공39개,분석측정료수체주리자(K +、 Na +、 Ca2+、 Mg2+、 Cl -、 SO2-4화 HCO -3)급영양염(PO3-4、NO -3화 NH +4)농도,탐토료수화학조성적시공차이、공제인소병대기래원진행료초보변석.결과표명,수화학조성적시공차이현저,불동시기적하수 TDS 급영양염평균농도배서위11월﹥2월﹥6월；하수음리자이 HCO -3위주,2월화11월시,하수양리자이 Na ++ K +위주,위 HCO -3-Na +수,6월시칙이 Ca2+위주,위 HCO -3-Ca2+수；영양염농도재공간상적차이주요수인류활동도치 N、 P 폐수배방영향,3개시기적석마하출수구처(R7) N： P 위18.4,유리우부유식물적생장,하도출현료부영양화적현상； Gibbs 도현시,2월화11월적하수주리자수증발암용해적영향교위현저,이증발암화탄산염암풍화공동공제6월적수화학조분；해염침강대석마하하수물질적공헌솔교소；부분 Na +、 Mg2+、 Cl -화 SO2-4래자화비적시용화공업폐수적배방；NH +4-N、 PO3-4-P 화 NO -3-N주요분별래원우가금양식폐수화생활폐수.
Shima River catchment is of strategic importance to urban water supply in Dongjiang portable water source area. To investigate the hydro-chemical characteristics of Shima River, 39 river water samples were collected in February, June and November, 2012 to analyze the major ions (K + , Na + , Ca2 + , Mg2 + , Cl - , SO2 -4 , HCO -3 ) and nutritive salts (PO3 -4 , NO -3 and NH +4 ) and to discuss the temporal-spatial variation and controlling factors of hydro-chemical composition, relative sources identification of varied ions was performed as well. The results showed that the hydro-chemical composition exhibited significant differences in different periods. The average concentration of total dissolved solid (TDS) and nutritive salts in different investigated periods followed the decreasing order of November ﹥ February ﹥ June. The dominant anion of Shima River was HCO -3 , and Na + + K + were the major cations in February and November which were changed to Ca2 + in June, the hydro-chemical types were determined as HCO -3 -Na + and HCO -3 -Ca2 + in dry (February and November) and rainy (June) seasons, respectively. Spatial variations of concentration of nutritive salts were mainly affected by the discharges of N- and P-containing waste water resulted from human activities. The ratio between N and P of water sample (R7) was 18. 4: 1 which boosted the “ crazy growth” of phytoplankton and led to severe eutrophication. According to Gibbs distribution of water samples, dissolution of hydatogenic rocks was the primary factor to control the major cations of river water in dry season, however, the hydro-chemical composition was significantly affected by the combination of hydatogenic and carbonate rocks in rainy season. The deposition of sea-salts contributed less to chemical substances in river. Correlation analysis revealed that K + , Na + , Mg2 + , Cl - and SO2 -4 were partly derived from the application of fertilizer and the discharge of industrial effluent; Waste water of poultry feeding and sanitary wastewater transported large quantities of NH +4 -N, PO3 -4 -P and NO -3 -N into the river.