环境科学
環境科學
배경과학
CHINESE JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE
2015年
5期
1827-1835
,共9页
毛霞丽%陆扣萍%孙涛%张小凯%何丽芝%王海龙
毛霞麗%陸釦萍%孫濤%張小凱%何麗芝%王海龍
모하려%륙구평%손도%장소개%하려지%왕해룡
长期定位试验%稻田土壤%施肥%颗粒分组%13C核磁共振波谱技术%化学结构
長期定位試驗%稻田土壤%施肥%顆粒分組%13C覈磁共振波譜技術%化學結構
장기정위시험%도전토양%시비%과립분조%13C핵자공진파보기술%화학결구
long-term fertilization field experiment%paddy soil%fertilization practices%particle size fractionation%solid-state 13C-NMR spectroscopy%chemical composition
依托浙江水网地区稻田长期定位施肥试验(1996~2013年),利用固态13C核磁共振波谱技术,研究长期不同施肥措施下土壤各颗粒组分有机碳含量及其化学结构特征.结果表明,与不施肥对照(CK)相比,秸秆与化肥配施(NPKRS)、栏肥与化肥配施(NPKOM)、单施化肥(NPK)和单施栏肥(OM)处理均显著(P ﹤0.05)增加了砂粒(2~0.02 mm)、粉粒(0.02~0.002 mm)和黏粒(﹤0.002 mm)组分中有机碳含量;而单施秸秆(RS)处理仅显著增加砂粒组分有机碳含量.此外,与单施化肥处理相比,有机肥和化肥配施促进了新增有机碳在粉粒和黏粒组分的分配,更有利于新增有机碳的稳定.应用13C-NMR 波谱技术进行结构表征,结果表明粉粒和黏粒组分有机碳的化学结构存在明显差异,粉粒组分烷氧碳、芳香碳的相对含量高于黏粒,而烷基碳、羰基碳的相对含量低于黏粒.长期有机肥与化肥配施下粉粒和黏粒烷基碳相对含量较单施有机肥处理分别降低9.1%~11.9%和13.7%~19.9%,烷氧碳的相对含量则分别增加2.9%~6.3%和13.4%~22.1%,表明有机肥与化肥配施处理降低了粉粒和黏粒组分有机碳的分解程度.长期单施化肥处理下粉粒和黏粒组分有机质的芳化度和疏水性低于单施有机肥处理和不施肥处理,有机质的矿化稳定性较低.长期有机肥与化肥配施,尤其是 NPKOM 处理,通过增加化学抗性化合物和碳水化合物的积累,并且减缓活性组分的分解提高粉粒和黏粒组分有机碳含量,是促进稻田土壤有机碳可持续积累的有效措施.
依託浙江水網地區稻田長期定位施肥試驗(1996~2013年),利用固態13C覈磁共振波譜技術,研究長期不同施肥措施下土壤各顆粒組分有機碳含量及其化學結構特徵.結果錶明,與不施肥對照(CK)相比,秸稈與化肥配施(NPKRS)、欄肥與化肥配施(NPKOM)、單施化肥(NPK)和單施欄肥(OM)處理均顯著(P ﹤0.05)增加瞭砂粒(2~0.02 mm)、粉粒(0.02~0.002 mm)和黏粒(﹤0.002 mm)組分中有機碳含量;而單施秸稈(RS)處理僅顯著增加砂粒組分有機碳含量.此外,與單施化肥處理相比,有機肥和化肥配施促進瞭新增有機碳在粉粒和黏粒組分的分配,更有利于新增有機碳的穩定.應用13C-NMR 波譜技術進行結構錶徵,結果錶明粉粒和黏粒組分有機碳的化學結構存在明顯差異,粉粒組分烷氧碳、芳香碳的相對含量高于黏粒,而烷基碳、羰基碳的相對含量低于黏粒.長期有機肥與化肥配施下粉粒和黏粒烷基碳相對含量較單施有機肥處理分彆降低9.1%~11.9%和13.7%~19.9%,烷氧碳的相對含量則分彆增加2.9%~6.3%和13.4%~22.1%,錶明有機肥與化肥配施處理降低瞭粉粒和黏粒組分有機碳的分解程度.長期單施化肥處理下粉粒和黏粒組分有機質的芳化度和疏水性低于單施有機肥處理和不施肥處理,有機質的礦化穩定性較低.長期有機肥與化肥配施,尤其是 NPKOM 處理,通過增加化學抗性化閤物和碳水化閤物的積纍,併且減緩活性組分的分解提高粉粒和黏粒組分有機碳含量,是促進稻田土壤有機碳可持續積纍的有效措施.
의탁절강수망지구도전장기정위시비시험(1996~2013년),이용고태13C핵자공진파보기술,연구장기불동시비조시하토양각과립조분유궤탄함량급기화학결구특정.결과표명,여불시비대조(CK)상비,갈간여화비배시(NPKRS)、란비여화비배시(NPKOM)、단시화비(NPK)화단시란비(OM)처리균현저(P ﹤0.05)증가료사립(2~0.02 mm)、분립(0.02~0.002 mm)화점립(﹤0.002 mm)조분중유궤탄함량;이단시갈간(RS)처리부현저증가사립조분유궤탄함량.차외,여단시화비처리상비,유궤비화화비배시촉진료신증유궤탄재분립화점립조분적분배,경유리우신증유궤탄적은정.응용13C-NMR 파보기술진행결구표정,결과표명분립화점립조분유궤탄적화학결구존재명현차이,분립조분완양탄、방향탄적상대함량고우점립,이완기탄、탄기탄적상대함량저우점립.장기유궤비여화비배시하분립화점립완기탄상대함량교단시유궤비처리분별강저9.1%~11.9%화13.7%~19.9%,완양탄적상대함량칙분별증가2.9%~6.3%화13.4%~22.1%,표명유궤비여화비배시처리강저료분립화점립조분유궤탄적분해정도.장기단시화비처리하분립화점립조분유궤질적방화도화소수성저우단시유궤비처리화불시비처리,유궤질적광화은정성교저.장기유궤비여화비배시,우기시 NPKOM 처리,통과증가화학항성화합물화탄수화합물적적루,병차감완활성조분적분해제고분립화점립조분유궤탄함량,시촉진도전토양유궤탄가지속적루적유효조시.
Effects of chemical fertilizers and organic manure on the soil organic carbon ( SOC) content in particle size fractions of paddy soil were investigated in a 17-year long-term fertilization field experiment in Zhejiang Province, China. The inherent chemical composition of silt- and clay-associated SOC was evaluated with solid-state 13C-NMR spectroscopy. Compared to CK ( no fertilizer treatment), NPKRS (NPK fertilizers plus rice straw), NPKOM (NPK fertilizers plus organic manure), NPK (NPK fertilizers) and OM (organic manure alone) treatments significantly (P ﹤ 0. 05) increased the SOC content of sand- (2-0. 02 mm), silt- (0. 02-0. 002 mm) and clay-sized ( ﹤ 0. 002 mm) fractions. However, no significant difference was observed in the accumulation of silt- and clay-associated SOC between CK and rice straw (RS) treatments. Besides, in comparison with plots applied with NPK fertilizers alone, combined application of organic amendments and NPK fertilizers facilitated the storage of newly sequestered SOC in silt- and clay-sized fractions, which could be more conducive to the stability of SOC. Based on 13C-NMR spectra, both silt and clay fractions were composed of Alkyl-C, O-alkyl-C, Aromatic-C and carbonyl-C. Changes in the relative proportion of different C species were observed between silt and clay fractions: the clay fraction had relatively more Alkyl-C, carbonyl-C and less O-alkyl-C, Aromatic-C than those in the silt fraction. This might be ascribed to the fact that the organic matter complexed with clay was dominated by microbial products, whereas the silt appeared to be rich in aromatic residues derived from plants. The spectra also showed that the relative proportion of different C species was modified by fertilization practices. In comparison with organic amendments alone, the relative proportion of Alkyl-C was decreased by 9. 1% - 11. 9% and 13. 7% - 19. 9% under combined application of organic amendments and chemical fertilizers, for silt and clay, respectively, and that of O-alkyl-C was increased by 2. 9% -6. 3% and 13. 4% -22. 1% , respectively. These results indicated that NPKOM and NPKRS treatments reduced the decomposition rate of SOC. The aromaticity, hydrophobicity and, hence, chemical recalcitrance of silt- and clay-associated SOC in the NPK fertilizer treatments were lower than those of the organically amended plots and unfertilized treatments, indicating decreased recalcitrance of SOC against decomposition. We concluded that long-term application of organic manure combined with chemical fertilizers, either through increased accumulation of both recalcitrant compounds and carbohydrates or reduced decomposition of organic matter, was a sustainable strategy for facilitating carbon accumulation of the paddy soil investigated in this study.