CAJ | 학술논문

采用表面活性剂清洗煤油污染土壤，考察添加钠盐对洗脱率的影响，并用 Zeta 电位仪、表面张力仪对溶液及用接触角仪对清洗前后的土壤进行表征。结果表明，硅酸钠对十二烷基硫酸钠(SDS)清洗的增效作用最明显；酒石酸钠对十二烷基苯磺酸钠(SDBS)及聚氧乙烯月桂醚(Brij35)清洗的增效作用最明显；不同类型钠盐对曲拉通 X-100(TX-100)清洗均有一定的增效作用但差别不明显；腐殖酸钠及硅酸钠对皂苷溶液清洗的增效程度相当，但就改良土质而言选用腐殖酸钠作助剂更为合适；硅酸钠对 Tw-80清洗的增效作用随着 Tw-80浓度的增大而增强，氯化钠和酒石酸钠则相反。钠盐增效清洗的作用机制是降低离子型表面活性剂的表面张力和临界胶束浓度；而非离子型表面活性剂的增效作用则是利用钠盐防止煤油“重吸附”及抗表面活性剂“沉淀”，增大胶团体积来实现。接触角测量表明，煤油污染后的土壤亲水性减弱，清洗后接触角变小，亲水性增强，且随着表面活性剂浓度的增大接触角减小，对恢复土壤运输水分和养料正常功能有利。
채용표면활성제청세매유오염토양，고찰첨가납염대세탈솔적영향，병용 Zeta 전위의、표면장력의대용액급용접촉각의대청세전후적토양진행표정。결과표명，규산납대십이완기류산납(SDS)청세적증효작용최명현；주석산납대십이완기분광산납(SDBS)급취양을희월계미(Brij35)청세적증효작용최명현；불동류형납염대곡랍통 X-100(TX-100)청세균유일정적증효작용단차별불명현；부식산납급규산납대조감용액청세적증효정도상당，단취개량토질이언선용부식산납작조제경위합괄；규산납대 Tw-80청세적증효작용수착 Tw-80농도적증대이증강，록화납화주석산납칙상반。납염증효청세적작용궤제시강저리자형표면활성제적표면장력화림계효속농도；이비리자형표면활성제적증효작용칙시이용납염방지매유“중흡부”급항표면활성제“침정”，증대효단체적래실현。접촉각측량표명，매유오염후적토양친수성감약，청세후접촉각변소，친수성증강，차수착표면활성제농도적증대접촉각감소，대회복토양운수수분화양료정상공능유리。
The impact of sodium salt on kerosene contaminated soil washing with surfactants was investigated. The results indicated that sodium silicate greatly enhanced the washing efficiency of SDS. Sodium tartrate can largely enhance the washing efficiency of SDBS and Brij35. Sodium salts can enhance the washing efficiency on kerosene contaminated with TX- 100. No significant differences were observed between different sodium salts. Sodium salt of humic acid and sodium silicate had similar enhancement on kerosene contaminated soil washing with saponin. Sodium humate can be a better choice since its application can also improve soil quality. The enhancement of sodium silicate on kerosene contaminated soil washing with Tw- 80 increased with the increase of Tw- 80 dosage. However, the impact of sodium chloride and sodium tartrate was opposite to sodium silicate. Sodium salts can reduce surface tension and critical micelle concentration of ionic surfactants to enhance the washing. Sodium salts can also reduce re-adsorption of oil to soil with nonionic surfactants to enhance the washing. Kerosene contamination can increase the contact angle of soil, which indicated the increase of hydrophilicity of soil. Washing with surfactants can reduce the hydrophilicitiy of soil according to contact angle measurement, which indicated that kerosene contaminated soil remediation with surfactant can also benefit nutrient and water transportation in the contaminated soil.