CAJ | 학술논문

目的：研究冬季室内外空气中细颗粒物（PM2.5)、可吸入颗粒物（PM10)的短期暴露对大学生呼吸道症状以及1 s最大呼气量（FEV1)的影响。方法整群选取武汉市某大学2年级37名学生作为调查对象，采用固定群组追踪研究的方法，于2009年12月23日—2010年1月5日连续14 d，测定其早晚FEV1，并记录每日是否出现咳嗽、咳痰、流鼻涕等呼吸道症状，同时监测室内外PM2.5、PM10浓度和温湿度变化。构建广义估计方程（GEE)模型定量评价颗粒物暴露对学生呼吸道症状以及FEV1的影响。结果调查期间室内、外PM2.5日均浓度分别为（110.6±42.3)、(143.5±51.2)μg/m3，PM10日均浓度分别为（148.2±43.2)、(239.1±71.3)μg/m3。研究未发现当日（lag 0 d)室外PM2.5的暴露对晚上FEV1有急性影响，室外PM2.5浓度每升高10μg/m3，其滞后1 d（lag 1 d)、滞后0～1 d(lag 0～1 d)、滞后0～2 d(lag 0～2 d)的FEV1分别改变-0.28%(95%CI：-0.52%～-0.03%)、-0.45%(95%CI：-0.81%～-0.08%)和-0.63%(95%CI：-1.15%～-0.11%)。在出现的咳嗽、咳痰和流鼻涕等症状中，咳痰的发生风险随室内外颗粒物浓度升高而增加，其中，室内、室外当日PM2.5浓度升高10μg/m3，咳痰症状发生的风险分别增加为1.18(95%CI：1.02~1.36)、1.08(95%CI：0.97～1.19)。并且，随着室内外PM2.5、PM10滞后时间和累积时间的增加，发生咳痰症状的风险均呈上升趋势。结论武汉市冬季颗粒物的短期暴露对大学生呼吸道症状和FEV1存在急性影响，并伴随滞后和累积的天数增加其影响呈现加重趋势。
목적：연구동계실내외공기중세과립물（PM2.5)、가흡입과립물（PM10)적단기폭로대대학생호흡도증상이급1 s최대호기량（FEV1)적영향。방법정군선취무한시모대학2년급37명학생작위조사대상，채용고정군조추종연구적방법，우2009년12월23일—2010년1월5일련속14 d，측정기조만FEV1，병기록매일시부출현해수、해담、류비체등호흡도증상，동시감측실내외PM2.5、PM10농도화온습도변화。구건엄의고계방정（GEE)모형정량평개과립물폭로대학생호흡도증상이급FEV1적영향。결과조사기간실내、외PM2.5일균농도분별위（110.6±42.3)、(143.5±51.2)μg/m3，PM10일균농도분별위（148.2±43.2)、(239.1±71.3)μg/m3。연구미발현당일（lag 0 d)실외PM2.5적폭로대만상FEV1유급성영향，실외PM2.5농도매승고10μg/m3，기체후1 d（lag 1 d)、체후0～1 d(lag 0～1 d)、체후0～2 d(lag 0～2 d)적FEV1분별개변-0.28%(95%CI：-0.52%～-0.03%)、-0.45%(95%CI：-0.81%～-0.08%)화-0.63%(95%CI：-1.15%～-0.11%)。재출현적해수、해담화류비체등증상중，해담적발생풍험수실내외과립물농도승고이증가，기중，실내、실외당일PM2.5농도승고10μg/m3，해담증상발생적풍험분별증가위1.18(95%CI：1.02~1.36)、1.08(95%CI：0.97～1.19)。병차，수착실내외PM2.5、PM10체후시간화루적시간적증가，발생해담증상적풍험균정상승추세。결론무한시동계과립물적단기폭로대대학생호흡도증상화FEV1존재급성영향，병반수체후화루적적천수증가기영향정현가중추세。
Objective To evaluate the acute effects of indoor and outdoor particulate matter on lung function and respiratory symptoms of college students in winter. Methods A panel of 37 college students aged 19-21 in Wuhan were included and the investigation was carried out from 12/23/2009 to 01/05/2010. Daily morning/evening forced expiratory volume in one second(FEV1) and respiratory symptoms (cough, phlegm and runny) were measured and reported by subjects, respectively. Meanwhile, daily data of indoors and outdoors PM10, PM2.5, temperature, and relative humidity were collected. Generalized Estimating Equations(GEEs) were used to estimate the association between particulate matters exposure and respiratory symptoms and FEV1. Results Average daily concentrations of indoor, outdoor PM2.5 during the study period were(110.6 ± 42.3),(143.5 ± 51.2) μg/m3,(148.2 ± 43.2) and(239.1 ± 71.3) μg/m3 for indoor, outdoor PM10, respectively. Outdoor exposure to PM2.5 on lag 0 had little effect on evening FEV1. However, researchers observed a significant lagging effect(lag 1 d) and accumulative effect(lag 0-1 d and lag 0-2 d). A rise in the PM2.5 concentration of 10μg/m3 resulted in the change of evening FEV1 of-0.28%(95%CI:-0.52%,-0.03%),-0.45%(95%CI:-0.81%,-0.08%) and-0.63%(95%CI:-1.15%,-0.11%), respectively. For respiratory symptoms of coughing up phlegm, 10 mg/m3 increase of indoor/outdoor PM2.5 concentration were associated with odds ratio of 1.18(95%CI:1.02-1.36) and 1.08(95%CI:0.97-1.19), respectively. Moreover, risk of coughing up phlegm increased with lagging time, and accumulative time of indoor and outdoor PM2.5 and PM10. Conclusion Our study suggested that short-term exposure to particulate matters in winter was significantly associated with acute changes of respiratory symptoms and FEV1 of college students in Wuhan. Moreover, the effects of particulate matters tended to be larger as the increase of lagged and accumulative days.