CAJ | 학술논문

使用扫描电子显微镜( SEM)观察了路易斯安那鸢尾( Louisiana Iris)品种‘梦娣达’(‘Mentida’)和红籽鸢尾( Iris foetidissima Linn.)的花粉形状、外壁纹饰和大小；同时,以路易斯安那鸢尾为母本、红籽鸢尾为父本进行杂交和路易斯安那鸢尾自交,分析了杂交和自交授粉后花粉管生长状况及雌蕊中保护酶(包括SOD和POD)活性和内源激素(包括IAA、GA3、ZR和ABA)含量的动态变化。结果表明：路易斯安那鸢尾花粉粒近扁球形,外壁纹饰为细网状,极轴和赤道轴长度分别为81.71和58.00μm；红籽鸢尾花粉粒近长球形,外壁纹饰为显著粗网状,极轴和赤道轴长度分别为91.80和38.23μm,表明二者的花粉形态差异明显。与自交组相比,杂交组的花粉萌发和花粉管生长相对滞后,授粉后48 h仅有少量花粉管到达花柱基部,且伴有花粉管末端弯曲及在柱头表面回转、盘结等现象。在授粉后2 h内自交组雌蕊的SOD和POD活性和IAA含量均高于杂交组；授粉后8~12 h自交组雌蕊的IAA含量低于杂交组；授粉后12~24 h自交组雌蕊的GA3和ZR含量均低于杂交组；授粉后多数时段自交组雌蕊的ABA含量低于杂交组。说明雌蕊中的高水平SOD和POD活性以及IAA含量和低水平ABA含量有利于柱头识别花粉及花粉萌发,而雌蕊中的低水平IAA、GA3和ZR含量则有利于花粉管的生长。综合分析结果表明：路易斯安那鸢尾和红籽鸢尾种间杂交存在一定程度的受精前障碍,可能是导致其种间杂交不亲和的原因之一。
사용소묘전자현미경( SEM)관찰료로역사안나연미( Louisiana Iris)품충‘몽제체’(‘Mentida’)화홍자연미( Iris foetidissima Linn.)적화분형상、외벽문식화대소；동시,이로역사안나연미위모본、홍자연미위부본진행잡교화로역사안나연미자교,분석료잡교화자교수분후화분관생장상황급자예중보호매(포괄SOD화POD)활성화내원격소(포괄IAA、GA3、ZR화ABA)함량적동태변화。결과표명：로역사안나연미화분립근편구형,외벽문식위세망상,겁축화적도축장도분별위81.71화58.00μm；홍자연미화분립근장구형,외벽문식위현저조망상,겁축화적도축장도분별위91.80화38.23μm,표명이자적화분형태차이명현。여자교조상비,잡교조적화분맹발화화분관생장상대체후,수분후48 h부유소량화분관도체화주기부,차반유화분관말단만곡급재주두표면회전、반결등현상。재수분후2 h내자교조자예적SOD화POD활성화IAA함량균고우잡교조；수분후8~12 h자교조자예적IAA함량저우잡교조；수분후12~24 h자교조자예적GA3화ZR함량균저우잡교조；수분후다수시단자교조자예적ABA함량저우잡교조。설명자예중적고수평SOD화POD활성이급IAA함량화저수평ABA함량유리우주두식별화분급화분맹발,이자예중적저수평IAA、GA3화ZR함량칙유리우화분관적생장。종합분석결과표명：로역사안나연미화홍자연미충간잡교존재일정정도적수정전장애,가능시도치기충간잡교불친화적원인지일。
Shape, extine ornamentation and size of pollens of Louisiana Iris ‘Mentida ’ and Iris foetidissima Linn. were observed by scanning electron microscope ( SEM ) , meanwhile, interspecific hybridization using Louisiana Iris as female parent and I. foetidissima as male parent and self pollination of Louisiana Iris were carried out, and pollen tube growth status and dynamic changes of protective enzyme (including SOD and POD) activity and endogenous hormone (including IAA, GA3, ZR and ABA) content in pistil after hybrid and self pollinations were analyzed. The results show that pollen grain of Louisiana Iris is suboblate with fine reticulate extine ornamentation, lengths of its polar and equatorial axes are 81. 71 and 58. 00 μm, respectively; pollen grain of I. foetidissima is subprolate with obviously rough reticulate extine ornamentation, lengths of its polar and equatorial axes are 91. 80 and 38. 23 μm, respectively, indicating that there are obvious differences between their pollen morphology. Compared to self group, pollen germination and pollen tube growth of hybrid group are relatively backward, and only a few pollen tubes reach the base of style after pollination 48 h and accompany with phenomena of terminal bending, rotating and wind round in stigma surface, etc. After pollination in 2 h, SOD and POD activities and IAA content in pistil of self group all are higher than those of hybrid group;after pollination 8-12 h, IAA content in pistil of self group is lower than that of hybrid group;after pollination 12-24 h, both GA3 and ZR contents in pistil of self group are lower than those of hybrid group;and at most times after pollination, ABA content in pistil of self group is lower than that of hybrid group. It is meant that high level of SOD and POD activities and IAA content, low level of ABA content in pistil are beneficial to stigma to recognize pollen and pollen germination, while low level of IAA, GA3 and ZR contents in pistil favors growth of pollen tube. The comprehensive analysis result indicates that there is pre-fertilization barrier at a certain degree in interspecific hybrid of Louisiana Iris and I. foetidissima, it might be one of reasons leading to their interspecific hybrid incompatibility.