中国岩溶
中國巖溶
중국암용
CARSOLOGICA SINICA
2015年
1期
27-34
,共8页
刘宏%郑明存%段洪伍%陈海舰%王芳%蔡炳贵
劉宏%鄭明存%段洪伍%陳海艦%王芳%蔡炳貴
류굉%정명존%단홍오%진해함%왕방%채병귀
石花洞%地下河%洞穴分层%洞穴发育
石花洞%地下河%洞穴分層%洞穴髮育
석화동%지하하%동혈분층%동혈발육
Shihua Cave%underground river%cave level%cave development
北京石花洞是中国北方已探明洞穴中次生碳酸盐沉积规模最大、种类最丰富的洞穴；石花洞的景观美学价值和科学价值,在我国北方岩溶洞穴中占有重要地位。2013年7月,为了获取石花洞发育规模、空间结构等基本数据,采用国际通用洞穴测量方法,运用激光测距仪、罗盘和倾角仪,辅以 Onstation 洞穴绘图软件和 ArcMap10软件对石花洞洞穴开展了全面的调查和测绘。结果显示：(1)石花洞洞穴系统整体呈北西西-南东东向展布,长度为5639 m,洞底投影面积为37096 m2,洞底高差为172 m,洞内最高点海拔约为265 m,最低点海拔约为93 m。洞穴系统的发育演化主要受地层产状与北东向和北西向两组断层控制；(2)石花洞洞穴系统分为五层,自上而下,各层洞道平均海拔依次为249 m,211 m,154 m,11 1 m 和95 m；(3)最底第五层季节性地下河洞道长1638 m,自西北向东南方向贯穿整个洞穴系统,依干湿季水文条件的差别,地下水以季节性涨落为主要特征,有多段有水通道；地下河道下游末端为叉状河道,崩塌明显,洞壁上无明显流纹发育；(4)综合石花洞地下河走向和流向、洞穴发育控制因素和区域地层产状特征、石花洞与周边洞穴的空间位置关系,推测孔水洞是石花洞洪水期的排泄口。
北京石花洞是中國北方已探明洞穴中次生碳痠鹽沉積規模最大、種類最豐富的洞穴；石花洞的景觀美學價值和科學價值,在我國北方巖溶洞穴中佔有重要地位。2013年7月,為瞭穫取石花洞髮育規模、空間結構等基本數據,採用國際通用洞穴測量方法,運用激光測距儀、囉盤和傾角儀,輔以 Onstation 洞穴繪圖軟件和 ArcMap10軟件對石花洞洞穴開展瞭全麵的調查和測繪。結果顯示：(1)石花洞洞穴繫統整體呈北西西-南東東嚮展佈,長度為5639 m,洞底投影麵積為37096 m2,洞底高差為172 m,洞內最高點海拔約為265 m,最低點海拔約為93 m。洞穴繫統的髮育縯化主要受地層產狀與北東嚮和北西嚮兩組斷層控製；(2)石花洞洞穴繫統分為五層,自上而下,各層洞道平均海拔依次為249 m,211 m,154 m,11 1 m 和95 m；(3)最底第五層季節性地下河洞道長1638 m,自西北嚮東南方嚮貫穿整箇洞穴繫統,依榦濕季水文條件的差彆,地下水以季節性漲落為主要特徵,有多段有水通道；地下河道下遊末耑為扠狀河道,崩塌明顯,洞壁上無明顯流紋髮育；(4)綜閤石花洞地下河走嚮和流嚮、洞穴髮育控製因素和區域地層產狀特徵、石花洞與週邊洞穴的空間位置關繫,推測孔水洞是石花洞洪水期的排洩口。
북경석화동시중국북방이탐명동혈중차생탄산염침적규모최대、충류최봉부적동혈；석화동적경관미학개치화과학개치,재아국북방암용동혈중점유중요지위。2013년7월,위료획취석화동발육규모、공간결구등기본수거,채용국제통용동혈측량방법,운용격광측거의、라반화경각의,보이 Onstation 동혈회도연건화 ArcMap10연건대석화동동혈개전료전면적조사화측회。결과현시：(1)석화동동혈계통정체정북서서-남동동향전포,장도위5639 m,동저투영면적위37096 m2,동저고차위172 m,동내최고점해발약위265 m,최저점해발약위93 m。동혈계통적발육연화주요수지층산상여북동향화북서향량조단층공제；(2)석화동동혈계통분위오층,자상이하,각층동도평균해발의차위249 m,211 m,154 m,11 1 m 화95 m；(3)최저제오층계절성지하하동도장1638 m,자서북향동남방향관천정개동혈계통,의간습계수문조건적차별,지하수이계절성창락위주요특정,유다단유수통도；지하하도하유말단위차상하도,붕탑명현,동벽상무명현류문발육；(4)종합석화동지하하주향화류향、동혈발육공제인소화구역지층산상특정、석화동여주변동혈적공간위치관계,추측공수동시석화동홍수기적배설구。
Of the known karst caves in northern China,the Shihua Cave in Beijing has the greatest scale and most kinds of secondary carbonate sediments.It is one of the most important caves in northern China in terms of its landscape sightseeing and scientific values.To determine its size and structure,a complete inves-tigation including survey was conducted in July 2013.This work followed international survey standards and used various instruments including Leica laser rangefinders and Sunnto compasses and clinometers,in con-junction with Onstation and ArcMap 10 software.The results show that the Shihua Cave extends from NWW to SEE along the strike of the Ordovician limestone,indicating that the cave development is primarily controlled by strata.NE and NW-striking faults have influenced cave development to a less extent.The cave has a total length of 5,639 m and a floor projection area of 37,096 m2 .In the vertical direction,the highest and lowest positions within the cave are 14 m above and 158 m below the entrance,respectively.The cave system consists of five levels of passages,of which the elevation is 249 m,21 1 m,154 m,1 1 1 m and 95 m a-bove sea level,respectively.Each level indicates a period of stable local base level,suggesting that this cave experienced five stages of development.The lowest level of it has a 1,638 m passage,which is characterized by seasonal water flow with three windows into a perennially inundated phreatic level.The seasonal under-ground river flows southeastward during the summer flood season.The downstream passage forks,one branch terminating in a sump pool while the other consists of chambers with a large amount of breakdown, implying the end of the underground river.The underground river may connect the Shihua Cave with Silver Fox cave to the northwest and the Kongshui Cave to the southeast.Exploration of nearby caves and tracer tests should be conducted to verify this connection in the future.
