CAJ | 학술논문

由于林地劣化或遭受天然灾害等,致使人工林经营区林分次生林化,降低生产力,亟需复育建造以符人工林经营目标。以生长不佳之人工林,实行列整理伐改善林相,并逐步更新建造为复层林,探究复层林营造方式对林分组成结构、栽植苗木、微环境的影响。试验林分包含整理伐带与保留带各20 m ( A区)、整理带8 m与保留带10 m (B区),整理伐对象主要为下层灌木及形质不良之林木,于整理伐带林地进行更新建造。伐后选用经济树种无患子、乌心石、台湾肖楠栽植造林,进行孔隙环境之生长适应比较。经整理伐2a后之林分结构调查结果表明：林分整理伐虽可促进留存林木的生长,但林木易受风害；林分受光量因整理伐带宽及地形影响于日域间变化大,A区平均受光量高于B区,且B区于整理伐2a后已渐回复林冠覆盖；A区更新苗木之存活率略高于B区,但无显著差异；无患子之存活率(87%以上)显著高于乌心石、台湾肖楠(约50%)。无患子及乌心石由于环境与生物为害,苗木死亡率变化随季节而有所变动,台湾肖楠则受初栽之苗木质量较差影响。各树种苗木之苗高及基径生长均以A区为佳,树种间以无患子苗高生长最快；以苗木健壮指数(高径比)表现,小孔隙之B区苗木形质均成细长形。2种林冠孔隙环境3树种苗木经栽植2a之生长表现,小空隙之B区较不利于栽植苗木生长,建议整理伐带宽大于林分树高。未来进行带状之复层林营造时,行列整理伐带宽应大于原林分树高形成较大之林冠孔隙,较有利于栽植苗木更新成长；并建议采用优质大苗,但更新阶段之苗木易受环境及周遭野生动物啃食等危害,建议加强初期之抚育管理。
유우임지열화혹조수천연재해등,치사인공림경영구림분차생림화,강저생산력,극수복육건조이부인공림경영목표。이생장불가지인공림,실행렬정리벌개선림상,병축보경신건조위복층림,탐구복층림영조방식대림분조성결구、재식묘목、미배경적영향。시험림분포함정리벌대여보류대각20 m ( A구)、정리대8 m여보류대10 m (B구),정리벌대상주요위하층관목급형질불량지림목,우정리벌대임지진행경신건조。벌후선용경제수충무환자、오심석、태만초남재식조림,진행공극배경지생장괄응비교。경정리벌2a후지림분결구조사결과표명：림분정리벌수가촉진류존림목적생장,단림목역수풍해；림분수광량인정리벌대관급지형영향우일역간변화대,A구평균수광량고우B구,차B구우정리벌2a후이점회복림관복개；A구경신묘목지존활솔략고우B구,단무현저차이；무환자지존활솔(87%이상)현저고우오심석、태만초남(약50%)。무환자급오심석유우배경여생물위해,묘목사망솔변화수계절이유소변동,태만초남칙수초재지묘목질량교차영향。각수충묘목지묘고급기경생장균이A구위가,수충간이무환자묘고생장최쾌；이묘목건장지수(고경비)표현,소공극지B구묘목형질균성세장형。2충림관공극배경3수충묘목경재식2a지생장표현,소공극지B구교불리우재식묘목생장,건의정리벌대관대우림분수고。미래진행대상지복층림영조시,행렬정리벌대관응대우원림분수고형성교대지림관공극,교유리우재식묘목경신성장；병건의채용우질대묘,단경신계단지묘목역수배경급주조야생동물습식등위해,건의가강초기지무육관리。
Rehabilitation is urgently needed for deteriorated plantations because deterioration of plantations and natural disasters have resulted in low productivity of these plantations. The objective of our study was to investigate the effects of row salvage cutting on stand composition and structure, planted seedlings and light environment in poor productivity plantations of ILan County, Taiwan, for improving forest form and replanting step by step in order to build multi-storied stand. The plot A in the experimental area included a cut belt and an uncut belt, 20 m wide each;the plot B included a 8 m wide cut belt, and a 10 m wide uncut belt. The targets of cutting were shrubs and weak trees. After cutting, the seedlings of Sapindus mukoross, Michelia formosana, and Calocedrus formosana were replanted in patches on November 2011, and growth adaptation in forest gaps was compared. The investigation of stands two years after salvage cutting showed that growth of retained trees was promoted, but prone to wind damage. There was a big variation of light intensity in daytime was affected by cutting width and land form. The amount of adopted light in plot A was higher than that in plot B, and canopy cover was restored gradually two years after cutting in plot B. The survival rate of seedlings in plot A was slightly higher than that in plot B, but without significant difference. The survival rate ( 87%) of S. mukorossi seedlings was higher than that (50%) of M. formosana and C. formosana. The mortality rate of S. mukorossi and M. formosana varied with season due to environmental and biological damages. The poor quality of C. formosana seedlings limited its survival rate. The plot A was the best if taking into account the height and basal area of seedlings, and the seedlings of S. mukorossi grew fastest. Regarding index of robust ( ratio of height to diameter of the tree) , seedlings in plot B with small gaps grew to be thin type. From the 2 year growth of seedlings of three species in the gap between two crowns, we concluded that plot B with small gap is not in favor of the growth of seedlings and we suggest that the width of cutting should be greater than the height of the trees. While planting multi-storied forest of belt type in the future, the width of cutting should be greater than the height of original stand, which leads to greater gaps and is in favor of growth of planted seedlings. Furthermore, seedlings in best quality should be utilized. Especially management in the initial stage of planting should be conducted because new seedlings can be damaged by surrounding environment and wild animals.