CAJ | 학술논문

近十几年来,退耕还林(草)工程的实施改变了贵州省普定县喀斯特地区土地利用/覆被空间格局,有效地改善了该区域的生态环境质量。在遥感和地理信息系统技术的支持下,基于主成分分析方法,以1999、2003和2009年TM遥感影像数据为主要数据源,定量分析和评价退耕还林(草)工程对土地利用及景观格局特征的影响。结果表明：1)1999—2009年间,退耕还林(草)工程实施后,普定县土地利用景观格局变化呈现出土地利用面积的动态变化、景观异质性和景观结构与形状变化的特征,其中土地利用面积动态变化与景观异质性改变为整个研究区景观格局变化的主导因子。2)从面积变化上看,研究区大量耕地、裸地转化为林地、草地和建设用地,其中林地、草地和建设用地面积呈现快速增长的特征,面积分别增加了53%、50%和140%,同时耕地面积减少了133.32 km2,减少幅度明显。3)从结构与形状指数上看,区域景观斑块总数量呈上升趋势,平均斑块面积有所下降,生态系统格局呈现破碎化加剧的趋势。4)从景观异质性上看,优势组分更加多样化,景观异质性程度逐渐上升,生态景观整体趋于规整,其中林地、草地和建设用地空间更加集聚化,但耕地和裸地分布分散化,破碎度有所上升。研究结果有助于指导退化喀斯特生态系统的恢复与重建。
근십궤년래,퇴경환림(초)공정적실시개변료귀주성보정현객사특지구토지이용/복피공간격국,유효지개선료해구역적생태배경질량。재요감화지리신식계통기술적지지하,기우주성분분석방법,이1999、2003화2009년TM요감영상수거위주요수거원,정량분석화평개퇴경환림(초)공정대토지이용급경관격국특정적영향。결과표명：1)1999—2009년간,퇴경환림(초)공정실시후,보정현토지이용경관격국변화정현출토지이용면적적동태변화、경관이질성화경관결구여형상변화적특정,기중토지이용면적동태변화여경관이질성개변위정개연구구경관격국변화적주도인자。2)종면적변화상간,연구구대량경지、라지전화위임지、초지화건설용지,기중임지、초지화건설용지면적정현쾌속증장적특정,면적분별증가료53%、50%화140%,동시경지면적감소료133.32 km2,감소폭도명현。3)종결구여형상지수상간,구역경관반괴총수량정상승추세,평균반괴면적유소하강,생태계통격국정현파쇄화가극적추세。4)종경관이질성상간,우세조분경가다양화,경관이질성정도축점상승,생태경관정체추우규정,기중임지、초지화건설용지공간경가집취화,단경지화라지분포분산화,파쇄도유소상승。연구결과유조우지도퇴화객사특생태계통적회복여중건。
By the implementation of the Sloping Land Conversion Program in Puding County, which is characterized as the special Karst region, the land use/cover pattern has been confirmed to be greatly altered with the improvement of ecological environment in the region. In this study, we analyzed and evaluated the effect of the Sloping Land Conversion Program on the landscape patterns and land use types by methods of principal component analysis (PCA) based on three series of Landsat TM images in 1999, 2003 and 2009. The results showed that:1) in 1999—2009 after the implementation of the Program, the changes of landscape pattern in Puding County were characterized in dynamic variation of land use area, landscape heterogeneity, landscape structure, and shape transformation. The changes on area of land use and the landscape heterogeneity were the leading factors affecting the changes of landscape pattern of the region;2) Regarding the variation of area, conversion from farmland and bare land to forestland and grassland was the most prominent, and the area of forestland, grassland and built-up area increased rapidly by 53%,50% and 140%, respectively. At the same time, farmland decreased by 133.32 km2;3) the number of patches (NP), one of the landscape indices, was confirmed on the rise with the other index mean patch size ( MPS ) decreasing, and fragmentation of the landscape ecological system was aggravated;4) Considering landscape heterogeneity, the dominant components were more diverse, the degree of landscape heterogeneity gradually rose, and the overall characteristics of ecological landscape became more regular. Forestland, grassland and construction land were more concentrated, however farmland and bare land were more decentralized. The degree of fragmentation increased somehow. In conclusion, evaluation results provide useful guidelines for the restoration and reconstruction of degraded Karst ecosystem.