载人航天
載人航天
재인항천
MANNED SPACEFLIGHT
2015年
2期
193-199
,共7页
低压低氧%莴苣%气体交换%超微结构%抗逆
低壓低氧%萵苣%氣體交換%超微結構%抗逆
저압저양%와거%기체교환%초미결구%항역
hypobariac and hypoxia%lettuce%gas exchange%ultrastructure%stress resistance
为探索低压低氧环境中培养植物的可行性，研究了短期低压和低氧对莴苣气体交换、叶片超微结构和抗逆特性的影响。将莴苣植株（25天株龄）在两种总压（101 kPa和30 kPa ）和三种氧分压（21 kPa、6 kPa和2 kPa）条件下进行了1小时和24小时平衡处理。发现短期低压和低氧均未影响莴苣植株生物量、根冠比、含水量和大部分矿质养分含量；短期低氧（6 kPa或2 kPa）提高莴苣叶片光合速率，增加可溶性糖和丙二醛的含量，但降低暗呼吸速率，并且2 kPa氧分压导致线粒体变形和蒸腾速率下降；短期低压处理（30 kPa ）增加暗呼吸速率和蒸腾速率，减少可溶性糖和丙二醛的含量。研究表明，莴苣可以在短期低压低氧环境中生长，但短期低氧（6 kPa或2 kPa）造成莴苣逆境胁迫，而低压（30 kPa）能够提高其抗逆性。
為探索低壓低氧環境中培養植物的可行性，研究瞭短期低壓和低氧對萵苣氣體交換、葉片超微結構和抗逆特性的影響。將萵苣植株（25天株齡）在兩種總壓（101 kPa和30 kPa ）和三種氧分壓（21 kPa、6 kPa和2 kPa）條件下進行瞭1小時和24小時平衡處理。髮現短期低壓和低氧均未影響萵苣植株生物量、根冠比、含水量和大部分礦質養分含量；短期低氧（6 kPa或2 kPa）提高萵苣葉片光閤速率，增加可溶性糖和丙二醛的含量，但降低暗呼吸速率，併且2 kPa氧分壓導緻線粒體變形和蒸騰速率下降；短期低壓處理（30 kPa ）增加暗呼吸速率和蒸騰速率，減少可溶性糖和丙二醛的含量。研究錶明，萵苣可以在短期低壓低氧環境中生長，但短期低氧（6 kPa或2 kPa）造成萵苣逆境脅迫，而低壓（30 kPa）能夠提高其抗逆性。
위탐색저압저양배경중배양식물적가행성，연구료단기저압화저양대와거기체교환、협편초미결구화항역특성적영향。장와거식주（25천주령）재량충총압（101 kPa화30 kPa ）화삼충양분압（21 kPa、6 kPa화2 kPa）조건하진행료1소시화24소시평형처리。발현단기저압화저양균미영향와거식주생물량、근관비、함수량화대부분광질양분함량；단기저양（6 kPa혹2 kPa）제고와거협편광합속솔，증가가용성당화병이철적함량，단강저암호흡속솔，병차2 kPa양분압도치선립체변형화증등속솔하강；단기저압처리（30 kPa ）증가암호흡속솔화증등속솔，감소가용성당화병이철적함량。연구표명，와거가이재단기저압저양배경중생장，단단기저양（6 kPa혹2 kPa）조성와거역경협박，이저압（30 kPa）능구제고기항역성。
To investigate the possibility of plants cultivation at hypobaria and hypoxia , the gas ex-change, ultrastructure and stress resistance of lettuce were conducted under short-term hypobaric and hy-poxic conditions.The gas exchange and growth of 25-day old lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.var.Rome) seed-lings were tested after 1-h or 24-h equilibration under two levels of total atmospheric pressure (101kPa and 30kPa)and three levels of oxygen partial pressure (21 kPa, 6 kPa and 2 kPa).The results showed that the biomass, ratio of root/shoot, water content and mineral contents of lettuce plants were not affect-ed by the changes of total atmospheric pressure and oxygen partial pressure;Under the same total pres-sure conditions (101 kPa or 30 kPa), hypoxia (6 kPa or 2 kPa) resulted in the increases of photosynthe-sis rate , soluble sugar and malondialdehyde and the reduction of dark respiration of lettuce leaves .The change of mitochondrion ultrastructure and the decrease of transpiration were found at 2 kPa oxygen par-tial pressure;Under the same oxygen partial pressure conditions , photosynthesis rate ,the chloroplast ul-trastructure ,the contents of chlorophyll and carotenoid of lettuce leaves were not affected by short-term hypobaric treatment (30 kPa) ,but the rates of dark respiration and transpiration increased and the con-tents of soluble sugar and malondialdehyde in lettuce leaves decreased .Lettuce can grow under short-term hypobaric and hypoxic conditions.Short-term hypoxia (6 kPa or 2 kPa) resulted in hypoxic stress and hypobaria(30 kPa) enhanced the stress resistance of lettuce .
