山东农业科学
山東農業科學
산동농업과학
SHANGDONG AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES
2015年
4期
66-70,75
,共6页
夏龙飞%吕娇%赵尊康%黎晓峰%王永雄
夏龍飛%呂嬌%趙尊康%黎曉峰%王永雄
하룡비%려교%조존강%려효봉%왕영웅
豆科作物%酸性土壤%逆境%适应性%差异
豆科作物%痠性土壤%逆境%適應性%差異
두과작물%산성토양%역경%괄응성%차이
Leguminous crops%Acid soil%Adverse situation%Adaptability%Differences
采用水培法对三种豆科作物在不同介质pH、磷水平、Al3＋、Mn2＋协迫条件下植株的生长、相关酶类活性、元素吸收及有机酸分泌及其差异性进行了探讨。结果表明，三种豆科作物在低pH条件下的生物产量显著降低，而根尖H＋－ATPase活性显著提高，低pH溶液对作物影响顺序为：草木犀＞苜蓿＞大豆；低磷（0．05、0．10 mmol／L）胁迫下三种豆科作物生物产量、植株磷含量均显著下降而根尖H＋－ATPase活性显著提高，三种作物中苜蓿对低磷胁迫较敏感，而草木犀适应性最强；铝（3～10μmol／L ）处理后苜蓿和草木犀根尖能被苏木精染为紫色，且苜蓿的染色较草木犀的深，而铝处理后的大豆根尖经苏木精染色后观察不到明显的紫色，且大豆根尖经30μmol／L处理后根系分泌柠檬酸。锰（50、100μmol／L MnSO4）处理对三种植株的生物产量和锰含量的影响顺序为大豆＞苜蓿＞草木犀。采用赋值法对三种豆科作物适应酸性土壤中低pH、低磷、高铝、高锰胁迫的适应能力的综合评价表明，三种豆科作物的综合适应能力顺序为大豆＞草木犀＞苜蓿。
採用水培法對三種豆科作物在不同介質pH、燐水平、Al3＋、Mn2＋協迫條件下植株的生長、相關酶類活性、元素吸收及有機痠分泌及其差異性進行瞭探討。結果錶明，三種豆科作物在低pH條件下的生物產量顯著降低，而根尖H＋－ATPase活性顯著提高，低pH溶液對作物影響順序為：草木犀＞苜蓿＞大豆；低燐（0．05、0．10 mmol／L）脅迫下三種豆科作物生物產量、植株燐含量均顯著下降而根尖H＋－ATPase活性顯著提高，三種作物中苜蓿對低燐脅迫較敏感，而草木犀適應性最彊；鋁（3～10μmol／L ）處理後苜蓿和草木犀根尖能被囌木精染為紫色，且苜蓿的染色較草木犀的深，而鋁處理後的大豆根尖經囌木精染色後觀察不到明顯的紫色，且大豆根尖經30μmol／L處理後根繫分泌檸檬痠。錳（50、100μmol／L MnSO4）處理對三種植株的生物產量和錳含量的影響順序為大豆＞苜蓿＞草木犀。採用賦值法對三種豆科作物適應痠性土壤中低pH、低燐、高鋁、高錳脅迫的適應能力的綜閤評價錶明，三種豆科作物的綜閤適應能力順序為大豆＞草木犀＞苜蓿。
채용수배법대삼충두과작물재불동개질pH、린수평、Al3＋、Mn2＋협박조건하식주적생장、상관매류활성、원소흡수급유궤산분비급기차이성진행료탐토。결과표명，삼충두과작물재저pH조건하적생물산량현저강저，이근첨H＋－ATPase활성현저제고，저pH용액대작물영향순서위：초목서＞목숙＞대두；저린（0．05、0．10 mmol／L）협박하삼충두과작물생물산량、식주린함량균현저하강이근첨H＋－ATPase활성현저제고，삼충작물중목숙대저린협박교민감，이초목서괄응성최강；려（3～10μmol／L ）처리후목숙화초목서근첨능피소목정염위자색，차목숙적염색교초목서적심，이려처리후적대두근첨경소목정염색후관찰불도명현적자색，차대두근첨경30μmol／L처리후근계분비저몽산。맹（50、100μmol／L MnSO4）처리대삼충식주적생물산량화맹함량적영향순서위대두＞목숙＞초목서。채용부치법대삼충두과작물괄응산성토양중저pH、저린、고려、고맹협박적괄응능력적종합평개표명，삼충두과작물적종합괄응능력순서위대두＞초목서＞목숙。
Hydroponic experiments were conducted to study the response of three leguminous crops to the stresses of low pH, low phosphorus and high concentrations of Al3+and Mn2+.The plant growth, related en-zyme activities, nutrient absorption, organic acid secretion and their differences between the three leguminous crops were analyzed.The results were as follows.The biomass decreased significantly and the H+-ATPase activity in root tips increased significantly in the three leguminous crops under the low pH (4.5 and 5.5) con-dition;and the effects of low pH stress on the three leguminous crops showed the order of sweet clover>alfalfa>soybean.Low phosphorus (0.05, 0.10 mmol/L) stress significantly decreased the biomass and P accumu-lation in plants but increased the H+-ATPase activity in root tips;in which, alfalfa was more sensitive to low phosphorus, while sweet clover had the highest adaptability.After Al3+(3~10 μmol/L) treatment, the root tips of alfalfa and sweet clover could be dyed purple by hematoxylin, and the color of alfalfa was deeper.How-ever, the root tips of soybean could not be dyed obviously.After treated with 30μmol/L Al3+, the citric acid was secreted by the root tips of soybean.The effects of Mn2+(50, 100μmol/L MnSO4 ) on biomass and Mn2+accumulation in plants were in the order of soybean >alfalfa>sweet clover.The comprehensive adaptability of the three crops to the four stresses of acid soil were evaluated by assignment method, and the results showed that soybean had the best comprehensive adaptability, and then sweet clover;alfalfa had the worst comprehen-sive adaptability.
