CAJ | 학술논문

目的：了解黑龙江省城乡居民健康素养现状，为制定该省城乡居民健康教育和健康促进策略提供科学依据。方法采用分层多阶段整群抽样方法，在全省随机抽取15～69岁城乡常住居民进行问卷调查。结果全省共调查城乡居民3600人，其中问卷填写符合要求人数为3500人，问卷有效率为97．2％。其中男性为1950人，占55．71％，女性为1550人，占44．28％，男女性别比为1．25∶1；城市居民数为1811人，占51．74％，农村居民为1689人，占48．26％，城乡人口比为1．07∶1。黑龙江省城乡居民健康素养具备率为8．1％（95％ CI：7．19～9．00），男性为7．2％（95％ CI：6．33～8．04），女性为6．9％（95％ CI：6．07～7．75）；城市居民素养水平为8．8％（95％ CI：7．88～9．76），农村居民为5．8％（95％CI：5．00～6．55），城市居民素养水平明显高于农村（P ＜0．05）。基本知识和理念、健康生活方式和行为以及基本技能3方面的素养具备率分别为10．7％、10．9％和9．9％。6类健康问题素养分别为科学健康观素养28．0％、传染病防治素养14．6％、慢性病防治素养8．9％、安全与急救素养26．2％、基本医疗素养10．9％、健康信息素养20．2％。结论黑龙江省城乡居民健康素养具备率较低，需要针对健康素养中较薄弱的环节，制定有针对性的宣传策略，开展健康教育与健康促进，提高全省居民健康素养水平。
목적：료해흑룡강성성향거민건강소양현상，위제정해성성향거민건강교육화건강촉진책략제공과학의거。방법채용분층다계단정군추양방법，재전성수궤추취15～69세성향상주거민진행문권조사。결과전성공조사성향거민3600인，기중문권전사부합요구인수위3500인，문권유효솔위97．2％。기중남성위1950인，점55．71％，녀성위1550인，점44．28％，남녀성별비위1．25∶1；성시거민수위1811인，점51．74％，농촌거민위1689인，점48．26％，성향인구비위1．07∶1。흑룡강성성향거민건강소양구비솔위8．1％（95％ CI：7．19～9．00），남성위7．2％（95％ CI：6．33～8．04），녀성위6．9％（95％ CI：6．07～7．75）；성시거민소양수평위8．8％（95％ CI：7．88～9．76），농촌거민위5．8％（95％CI：5．00～6．55），성시거민소양수평명현고우농촌（P ＜0．05）。기본지식화이념、건강생활방식화행위이급기본기능3방면적소양구비솔분별위10．7％、10．9％화9．9％。6류건강문제소양분별위과학건강관소양28．0％、전염병방치소양14．6％、만성병방치소양8．9％、안전여급구소양26．2％、기본의료소양10．9％、건강신식소양20．2％。결론흑룡강성성향거민건강소양구비솔교저，수요침대건강소양중교박약적배절，제정유침대성적선전책략，개전건강교육여건강촉진，제고전성거민건강소양수평。
Objective To learn the current situations of residents’health literacy in Heilongjiang,in order to of-fer scientific reference for making residents’health education and health promotion strategy in both urban and rural areas in Heilongjiang.Methods Using PPS,conducted questionnaire survey on the permanent residents from 15 to 69 by random in Heilongjiang.Results In total of 3600 urban and rural residents took part in the survey and 3500 valid questionnaires were collected with efficiency of 97.2%.The number of male and female participants was 1950 (55.71%)and 1550 (44.28%) respectively and the radio was 1.25 ∶1;there were 1811 (51.74%)urban participants and 1689 (48.26%)rural ones and the radio was 1.07 ∶1.The total health literacy owning rate of the residents in Heilongjiang was 8.1% (95% CI:7.19 -9.00),with male health literacy owning rate was 7.2% (95% CI:6.33 -8.04),and female was 6.9% (95% CI:6.07 -7.75);the health literacy owning rate of urban residents was 8.8% (95%CI:7.88 -9.76),and rural residents was 5.8% (95%CI:5.00 -6.55),the health literacy owning rate of urban residents was significantly higher than rural residents (P <0.05).Knowledge awareness rates in three aspects,including fundamental health knowledge and philoso-phy,healthy lifestyle and behavior,and basic skills were 10.7%,10.9% and 9.9%,respectively.The health literacy rate of six health issues:scientific attitude towards health was 28.0%,infectious disease prevention was 14.6%,chronic disease prevention was 8.9%,safety and first aid was 26.2%,basic medical care was 10.9% and health information was 20.2%.Conclusion It showed that overall health literacy level of the residents was still low in Heilongjiang.Focusing on the weakest links of health literacy,targeted dissemination strategy should be made;health education and health promotion should be carried out,in order to improve the level of all residents’health literacy all over the whole province.