CAJ | 학술논문

小麦是我国重要的粮食作物之一，近年来全球气候变化与农业生产结构的调整，影响了其病虫害的发生。重点分析2000—2010年小麦病虫害的发生面积、防治程度、挽回损失、实际损失及其空间分布格局。结果表明：我国小麦虫害的发生与危害均高于病害。2000—2010年小麦病害和虫害年均发生面积分别为2974.18和3560.06万hm2。到2010年，防治小麦病害和虫害的面积分别高达3500.42万hm2和4048.35万hm2。防治后小麦的挽回损失量由2000年410.8万t增加到2010年的727.0万t（增加77.0%），虫害防治挽回损失量由701.2万t增加到870.8万t（增长24.2%），表明小麦病虫害防控的水平得到很大提高。小麦病害造成的实际损失量由2000年132.0万t增加到2010年241.2万t，虫害造成的实际损失量由155.4万t增加到174.4万t（增加12.2%）；小麦病害实际损失率从2000年1.33%增加到2010年的2.09%（增加58.1%），而虫害实际损失率则从1.56%下降到1.51%（下降2.9%）。这说明小麦病虫害尤其是病害的防治责任很大。小麦病虫害主要分布在我国华东、华中和华北地区的小麦主产区，而东北地区和西南地区小麦病虫害发生相对较轻。应根据不同的生态区特征，开展区域性小麦病虫害综合治理。
소맥시아국중요적양식작물지일，근년래전구기후변화여농업생산결구적조정，영향료기병충해적발생。중점분석2000—2010년소맥병충해적발생면적、방치정도、만회손실、실제손실급기공간분포격국。결과표명：아국소맥충해적발생여위해균고우병해。2000—2010년소맥병해화충해년균발생면적분별위2974.18화3560.06만hm2。도2010년，방치소맥병해화충해적면적분별고체3500.42만hm2화4048.35만hm2。방치후소맥적만회손실량유2000년410.8만t증가도2010년적727.0만t（증가77.0%），충해방치만회손실량유701.2만t증가도870.8만t（증장24.2%），표명소맥병충해방공적수평득도흔대제고。소맥병해조성적실제손실량유2000년132.0만t증가도2010년241.2만t，충해조성적실제손실량유155.4만t증가도174.4만t（증가12.2%）；소맥병해실제손실솔종2000년1.33%증가도2010년적2.09%（증가58.1%），이충해실제손실솔칙종1.56%하강도1.51%（하강2.9%）。저설명소맥병충해우기시병해적방치책임흔대。소맥병충해주요분포재아국화동、화중화화북지구적소맥주산구，이동북지구화서남지구소맥병충해발생상대교경。응근거불동적생태구특정，개전구역성소맥병충해종합치리。
Wheat is one of the major crops in China. In recent years, the global climate change and adjustment in structure of agricultural production influenced the occurrence of diseases and insect pests. This paper focused on analyzing the tendency of diseases and insect pests in occurrence, loss, and spatial distribution ranges in wheat crop from 2000 to 2010. Result showed that the occurrence area of insect pests was more than that of diseases in most years during this period, and the occurrence area of diseases and insect pests were 29.7418 and 35.6006 million hm2, respectively. The save loss yield of wheat from diseases rose from 4.108 in 2000 to 7.270 million tons (increased by 77.0%) in 2010, while that from insect pests was from 7.012 in 2000 to 8.708 million tons (increased by 24.2%) in 2010, which means that the level of prevention and control against diseases and insect pests was enhanced obviously. The actual loss of wheat from diseases rose from 1.320 in 2000 to 2.412 million tons in 2010, while those from insect pests rose from 1.554 in 2000 to 1.744 million tons in 2010. The actual loss rate by diseases increased by 58.1%, while that by insect pests decreased by 2.9%. The results showed that the prevention and control against diseases and insect pests still needed great efforts, especially for the damage from diseases. The diseases and insect pests of wheat mainly distributed in East China, Mid-China and North China, while less so in Northeast China and Southwest China. Based on the ecotope of wheat growth and plantation, the integrated pest management researches on regional farmland ecosystem should be promoted.