中华预防医学杂志
中華預防醫學雜誌
중화예방의학잡지
CHINESE JOURNAL OF
2015年
2期
105-109
,共5页
霍乱%疫苗%投药,口服
霍亂%疫苗%投藥,口服
곽란%역묘%투약,구복
Cholera%Vaccines%Administration oral
应用疫苗是人群霍乱防控的重要策略之一.霍乱疫苗研制强调黏膜免疫策略,使之发挥诱导抗菌抗毒素免疫的作用.疫苗配方中如果带有毒素B亚单位(包括在灭活疫苗中添加以及在活疫苗中进行表达),能通过交叉免疫发挥预防其他一些病原导致腹泻病的作用.口服灭活疫苗已成熟,活疫苗的研制与应用也在积极探索之中.霍乱疫苗的研发还不仅仅在于技术层面,根据流行地区和人群的特点,也要求低成本、储运条件简单、接种次数少.对危险人群以及出现疫情的地区如何使用霍乱疫苗,虽然以往存在争论,但通过评估和在疫情中的应用,已逐步形成了共识.
應用疫苗是人群霍亂防控的重要策略之一.霍亂疫苗研製彊調黏膜免疫策略,使之髮揮誘導抗菌抗毒素免疫的作用.疫苗配方中如果帶有毒素B亞單位(包括在滅活疫苗中添加以及在活疫苗中進行錶達),能通過交扠免疫髮揮預防其他一些病原導緻腹瀉病的作用.口服滅活疫苗已成熟,活疫苗的研製與應用也在積極探索之中.霍亂疫苗的研髮還不僅僅在于技術層麵,根據流行地區和人群的特點,也要求低成本、儲運條件簡單、接種次數少.對危險人群以及齣現疫情的地區如何使用霍亂疫苗,雖然以往存在爭論,但通過評估和在疫情中的應用,已逐步形成瞭共識.
응용역묘시인군곽란방공적중요책략지일.곽란역묘연제강조점막면역책략,사지발휘유도항균항독소면역적작용.역묘배방중여과대유독소B아단위(포괄재멸활역묘중첨가이급재활역묘중진행표체),능통과교차면역발휘예방기타일사병원도치복사병적작용.구복멸활역묘이성숙,활역묘적연제여응용야재적겁탐색지중.곽란역묘적연발환불부부재우기술층면,근거류행지구화인군적특점,야요구저성본、저운조건간단、접충차수소.대위험인군이급출현역정적지구여하사용곽란역묘,수연이왕존재쟁론,단통과평고화재역정중적응용,이축보형성료공식.
The application of the cholera vaccine is one of the cholera prevention and control strategies.Cholera vaccines stimulate mucosal immune to play the role of antibacteria and antitoxin.When the cholera toxin B subunit is added in the cholera vaccine,it could also defend against some diarrhea associated pathogens by cross-protection.Oral inactivated cholera vaccines are commercially available now.The oral live vaccine candidates are under development.The development of cholera vaccine is not only on the technical aspect,based on the situations of epidemic areas and population,cost,storage and transportation condition should also be considered.Though the argument on the use of cholera vaccine in epidemic areas and population in high risk existed previously,its vaccination has reached agreement now based on the clinical trials and evaluations during epidemic period.